This repository was archived by the owner on Apr 6, 2026. It is now read-only.
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 336
Asterisc support guide #1189
Closed
Closed
Asterisc support guide #1189
Changes from 7 commits
Commits
Show all changes
8 commits
Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
8d575f4
Initial draft dump
bradleycamacho ff6a471
Fixes
bradleycamacho 10a7f23
First draft
bradleycamacho 2a65e28
Linting
bradleycamacho 3f9ae82
More fixes
bradleycamacho b533cb7
More fixes for build
bradleycamacho 41aa7d0
Intro wording
bradleycamacho 2e7263a
Implement feedback
bradleycamacho File filter
Filter by extension
Conversations
Failed to load comments.
Loading
Jump to
Jump to file
Failed to load files.
Loading
Diff view
Diff view
There are no files selected for viewing
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
|---|---|---|
| @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ | ||
| --- | ||
| title: Asterisc | ||
| lang: en-US | ||
| description: Learn about Asterisc | ||
| --- | ||
|
|
||
| # Asterisc | ||
|
|
||
| [Asterisc](https://github.com/protolambda/asterisc/tree/master) is an alternative fault-proof VM for the OP Stack, crafted to validate RISC-V program execution via an interactive fraud-proof mechanism. Asterisc delivers a minimalist yet powerful solution for optimistic rollup fraud-proofing through Go. Leveraging the RISC-V architecture, it offers: | ||
|
bradleycamacho marked this conversation as resolved.
Outdated
|
||
|
|
||
| * Support for 64-bit operations | ||
| * Concurrent yet deterministic threading | ||
| * Compatibility with RISC-V's expanding ecosystem | ||
|
bradleycamacho marked this conversation as resolved.
Outdated
|
||
|
|
||
| Read more about fault-proofs in our [Fault-proof explainer](/stack/fault-proofs/explainer) | ||
|
|
||
| ## How it works | ||
|
|
||
| Asterisc enables parties to reach consensus on shared execution trace states. In cases of dispute, it identifies the diverging execution step. Commitments are generated for memory, registers, CSR, and VM states across the execution trace, with disputed steps emulated within the EVM to resolve inconsistencies. | ||
|
Contributor
There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. Similar to a comment above, it's not Asterisc alone that "enables parties to reach consensus on shared execution trace states". It's the fault proof program (Kona in this case) running in a fault proof VM (Asterisc in this case) that does this. |
||
|
|
||
| Ready to dive in? Keep reading or head over to the [Asterisc repo](https://github.com/protolambda/asterisc/tree/master). | ||
|
bradleycamacho marked this conversation as resolved.
Outdated
|
||
|
|
||
| ## Getting started | ||
|
|
||
| 1. Read through the [additional repo docs](https://github.com/protolambda/asterisc/tree/master/docs). | ||
|
bradleycamacho marked this conversation as resolved.
Outdated
|
||
| 2. Use Foundry to compile the associated smart contracts. | ||
| 3. Compile test binaries using the [`Makefile`](https://github.com/protolambda/asterisc/blob/master/tests/go-tests/Makefile). | ||
|
bradleycamacho marked this conversation as resolved.
Outdated
|
||
| 4. Execute `rvgo` tests to validate both on-chain and off-chain operations through RISC-V unit tests. | ||
|
|
||
| ## Key components | ||
|
|
||
| * **`rvgo`:** A Go-based RISC-V emulator with two operational modes: | ||
| * **`Fast Mode`:** Executes one instruction per step on the VM state. | ||
| * **`Slow Mode`:** Emulates one instruction per step using a VM state oracle. | ||
| * **`rvsol`:** A Solidity/Yul implementation of the slow-mode step for EVM compatibility. | ||
|
|
||
| ### Yul in Solidity | ||
|
|
||
| Yul is chosen for its simplicity and precision, offering direct mirroring with Go code while retaining critical features like underflow/overflow behavior and untyped operations. | ||
|
|
||
| [See the repo](https://github.com/protolambda/asterisc/blob/master/README.md#why-use-yul-in-solidity) for a deeper dive on Yul and fast/slow modes. | ||
|
bradleycamacho marked this conversation as resolved.
Outdated
|
||
|
|
||
| ## Supported RISC-V subsets | ||
|
|
||
| Here's a few key subsets. For the complete list, see the [repo](https://github.com/protolambda/asterisc?tab=readme-ov-file#risc-v-subset-support). | ||
|
|
||
| * `RV32I`: Base 32-bit instruction set | ||
| * `RV64I`: 64-bit instruction set | ||
| * `RV32M` and `RV64M`: Multiplication | ||
| * `RV32A` and `RV64A`: Atomics | ||
| * Compact instructions for Rust: Work in progress | ||
|
|
||
| Unsupported operations are implemented as no-ops, ensuring compatibility with the Go runtime. | ||
|
|
||
| ## FAQ | ||
|
|
||
| The following section highlights specific advantages that Asterisc provides over other fault-proof systems. | ||
|
|
||
| ### Benefits over Cannon | ||
|
|
||
| [Cannon](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/cannon/), originally developed by [`geohot`](https://github.com/geohot/) and now maintained by Optimism, offers similar functionality but has key differences: | ||
|
|
||
| * Cannon operates on a 32-bit MIPS architecture, whereas Asterisc uses RISC-V. | ||
| * Asterisc supports 64-bit operations and deterministic threading, making it more future-ready. | ||
|
|
||
| ### Benefits over Cartesi | ||
|
|
||
| [Cartesi](https://github.com/cartesi/) provides RISC-V fraud-proofing for a full machine, including numerous additional features. However, this added complexity can introduce risks. Asterisc focuses on simplicity by running single-process executions with minimal system calls. | ||
|
|
||
| ### Benefits over WebAssembly | ||
|
|
||
| Arbitrum's WebAssembly-based fraud-proofing leverages a business-source license and transformation to WAVM, limiting its general usability. In contrast, Asterisc is open-source under the MIT license, offering broader applicability. | ||
|
|
||
| ## Contributing | ||
|
|
||
| Asterisc is designed to run Go programs for fraud-proofing optimistic rollups. Contributions that align with its goals of simplicity, minimalism, and compatibility are highly encouraged. | ||
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
Add this suggestion to a batch that can be applied as a single commit.
This suggestion is invalid because no changes were made to the code.
Suggestions cannot be applied while the pull request is closed.
Suggestions cannot be applied while viewing a subset of changes.
Only one suggestion per line can be applied in a batch.
Add this suggestion to a batch that can be applied as a single commit.
Applying suggestions on deleted lines is not supported.
You must change the existing code in this line in order to create a valid suggestion.
Outdated suggestions cannot be applied.
This suggestion has been applied or marked resolved.
Suggestions cannot be applied from pending reviews.
Suggestions cannot be applied on multi-line comments.
Suggestions cannot be applied while the pull request is queued to merge.
Suggestion cannot be applied right now. Please check back later.
Uh oh!
There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.