Feat/649/cached safety checking

[maurelian]

Description

Increase gas efficiency on L2 by adding a new contract to cache known safe bytecode.

https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/roadmap/issues/649

[ben-chain]

The main thing that needs to be sorted out around this PR are:

• Choose between this approach and Cached safety checking alternative #310
• Fix how this will work in the fraud proofs. Right now, the safety checking logic has the potential to bypass the INVALID_STATE_ACCESS logic in place with _handleExternalMessage.

[maurelian]

• Fix how this will work in the fraud proofs. Right now, the safety checking logic has the potential to bypass the INVALID_STATE_ACCESS logic in place with _handleExternalMessage.

To clarify somewhat:
Unlike the safety checker, the safety cache is stateful, meaning an inclusion proof needs to be provided for it prior to fraud proving on L1.

One way to handle this would be a similar approach to how the OVM_DeployerWhitelist is called using ovmCall which includes all the logic necessary to require and check inclusion proofs.

[maurelian]

This PR builds on top of code that has been removed.
We should start from scratch on a new branch.