Add warning when implicitly casting maps/keywords to struct encode-time

lib/protobuf/encoder.ex

@@ -161,8 +161,23 @@ defmodule Protobuf.Encoder do
           message:
             "struct #{inspect(other_mod)} can't be encoded as #{inspect(mod)}: #{inspect(struct)}"
 
-      _ ->
+      enumerable when is_map(enumerable) or is_list(enumerable) ->
+        IO.warn("""
+        Implicitly casting from #{inspect(enumerable)} to #{inspect(mod)} message.
+        This automatic coercion is deprecated in Protobuf 0.15 and will raise an error in future versions.
+
+        Instead of:
+          %Parent{child: %{name: ""}}
+
+        Build child structs explicitly:
+          %Parent{child: %Child{name: ""}}
+        """)
+
         do_encode_to_iodata(struct(mod, msg))
+
+      other ->
+        raise Protobuf.EncodeError,
+          message: "#{inspect(other)} is invalid for type #{inspect(mod)}"
     end
   end
 

test/protobuf/encoder_test.exs

@@ -184,7 +184,10 @@ defmodule Protobuf.EncoderTest do
   end
 
   test "encodes map with oneof" do
-    msg = %Google.Protobuf.Struct{fields: %{"valid" => %{kind: {:bool_value, true}}}}
+    msg = %Google.Protobuf.Struct{
+      fields: %{"valid" => %Google.Protobuf.Value{kind: {:bool_value, true}}}
+    }
+
     bin = Google.Protobuf.Struct.encode(msg)
 
     assert Google.Protobuf.Struct.decode(bin) ==
@@ -283,9 +286,7 @@ defmodule Protobuf.EncoderTest do
       Encoder.encode(%TestMsg.Foo{c: 123})
     end
 
-    # For Elixir 1.18+ it's `type Integer`, before, it was just `123`
-    # TODO: fix once we require Elixir 1.18+
-    message = ~r/protocol Enumerable not implemented for (123|type Integer)/
+    message = ~r/123 is invalid for type TestMsg.Foo.Bar/
 
     assert_raise Protobuf.EncodeError, message, fn ->
       Encoder.encode(%TestMsg.Foo{e: 123})
@@ -309,6 +310,15 @@ defmodule Protobuf.EncoderTest do
     end
   end
 
+  test "gives a warning for implicitly cast structs" do
+    warning =
+      ExUnit.CaptureIO.capture_io(:stderr, fn ->
+        assert <<50, 2, 8, 1>> = Encoder.encode(%TestMsg.Foo{e: %{a: 1}})
+      end)
+
+    assert warning =~ "Implicitly casting from %{a: 1} to TestMsg.Foo.Bar"
+  end
+
   test "encodes with transformer module" do
     msg = %TestMsg.ContainsTransformModule{field: 0}
     assert Encoder.encode(msg) == <<10, 0>>