Migrate Kibana Node.js to OpenTelemetry

[dgieselaar]

Attempt to migrate Kibana's Node.js processes to OpenTelemetry. I have not verified any of the outputs or ran it against the OTel collector, but it should give a sense of what work is needed to fully migrate over.

Some parts of this were aided by o3:

• writing tests for withActiveSpan
• optimizing the algorithm for calculating breakdown metrics
• creating toTraceparent and fromTraceparent (based on the Elastic APM Node.js agent's implementation)
• writing tests for unflattenAttributes and flattenToAttributes.

[kibanamachine]

Dependency Review Bot Analysis 🔍

Found 1 new third-party dependencies:

Package	Version	Vulnerabilities	Health Score
@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics	^2.0.1	🔴 C: 0, 🟠 H: 0, 🟡 M: 0, 🟢 L: 0

---

Self Checklist

To help with the review, please update the PR description to address the following points for each new third-party dependency listed above:

• Purpose: What is this dependency used for? Briefly explain its role in your changes.
• Justification: Why is adding this dependency the best approach?
• Alternatives explored: Were other options considered (e.g., using existing internal libraries/utilities, implementing the functionality directly)? If so, why was this dependency chosen over them?
• Existing dependencies: Does Kibana have a dependency providing similar functionality? If so, why is the new one preferred?

Thank you for providing this information!

[elasticmachine]

🤖 Jobs for this PR can be triggered through checkboxes. 🚧

ℹ️ To trigger the CI, please tick the checkbox below 👇

• Click to trigger kibana-pull-request for this PR!
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[elasticmachine]

⏳ Build in-progress, with failures

• Buildkite Build
• Commit: ae9a0ae

Failed CI Steps

• Quick Checks
• Checks
• Check OAS Snapshot

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