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Merged
mromaios merged 19 commits into from
Mar 3, 2026
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feat(es|ql): add dense_vector support in coalesce #142974

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867161c
feat(es|ql): add dense_vector support to coalesce
mromaios Feb 19, 2026
b6b740c
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into dense_vector_support_…
mromaios Feb 24, 2026
a2e4f0b
formatting, slim capabilities in tests
mromaios Feb 24, 2026
6bf4da9
[CI] Auto commit changes from spotless
Feb 24, 2026
74c9c6b
rename
mromaios Feb 25, 2026
a673382
Merge branch 'dense_vector_support_coalesce' of github.com:mromaios/e…
mromaios Feb 25, 2026
8b8e759
Merge branch 'main' into dense_vector_support_coalesce
mromaios Feb 25, 2026
a07a68c
fix source in test
mromaios Feb 25, 2026
493150a
Merge branch 'dense_vector_support_coalesce' of github.com:mromaios/e…
mromaios Feb 25, 2026
8a05fe0
[CI] Auto commit changes from spotless
Feb 25, 2026
f4937d1
fix bfloat csv tests
mromaios Feb 26, 2026
67488d0
Merge branch 'dense_vector_support_coalesce' of github.com:mromaios/e…
mromaios Feb 26, 2026
5b25fb6
Merge branch 'main' into dense_vector_support_coalesce
mromaios Feb 26, 2026
15b12ef
fix mapping
mromaios Feb 26, 2026
d9968dc
fix bfloat16 yet again
mromaios Feb 26, 2026
899e61a
Update docs/changelog/142974.yaml
mromaios Feb 26, 2026
66cdc44
yet another bfloat16 fix
mromaios Feb 26, 2026
b9053d1
Apply suggestion from @mromaios
mromaios Feb 26, 2026
a7b1bdb
Merge branch 'main' into dense_vector_support_coalesce
mromaios Feb 26, 2026
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6 changes: 6 additions & 0 deletions docs/changelog/142974.yaml
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@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
area: ES|QL
issues:
- 139928
pr: 142974
summary: Add support for `dense_vector` in `COALESCE`
type: enhancement
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions docs/reference/query-languages/esql/_snippets/functions/types/coalesce.md
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18 changes: 18 additions & 0 deletions docs/reference/query-languages/esql/kibana/definition/functions/coalesce.json
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7 changes: 7 additions & 0 deletions x-pack/plugin/esql/build.gradle
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Expand Up @@ -531,6 +531,7 @@ def prop(Name, Type, type, TYPE, BYTES, Array) {
"int" : type == "int" ? "true" : "",
"long" : type == "long" ? "true" : "",
"double" : type == "double" ? "true" : "",
"float" : type == "float" ? "true" : "",
"BytesRef" : type == "BytesRef" ? "true" : "",
"boolean" : type == "boolean" ? "true" : "",
"nanosMillis": Name == "NanosMillis" ? "true" : "",
Expand All @@ -544,6 +545,7 @@ tasks.named('stringTemplates').configure {
var nanosMillisProperties = prop("NanosMillis", "Long", "long", "LONG", "Long.BYTES", "LongArray")
var millisNanosProperties = prop("MillisNanos", "Long", "long", "LONG", "Long.BYTES", "LongArray")
var doubleProperties = prop("Double", "Double", "double", "DOUBLE", "Double.BYTES", "DoubleArray")
var floatProperties = prop("Float", "Float", "float", "FLOAT", "Float.BYTES", "FloatArray")
var bytesRefProperties = prop("BytesRef", "BytesRef", "BytesRef", "BYTES_REF", "org.apache.lucene.util.RamUsageEstimator.NUM_BYTES_OBJECT_REF", "")
var booleanProperties = prop("Boolean", "Boolean", "boolean", "BOOLEAN", "Byte.BYTES", "BitArray")
var expHistoProperties = prop("ExponentialHistogram", "ExponentialHistogram", "ExponentialHistogram", "EXPONENTIAL_HISTOGRAM", "", "")
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -607,6 +609,11 @@ tasks.named('stringTemplates').configure {
it.inputFile = coalesceInputFile
it.outputFile = "org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/expression/function/scalar/nulls/CoalesceDoubleEvaluator.java"
}
template {
it.properties = floatProperties
it.inputFile = coalesceInputFile
it.outputFile = "org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/expression/function/scalar/nulls/CoalesceFloatEvaluator.java"
}
template {
it.properties = bytesRefProperties
it.inputFile = coalesceInputFile
Expand Down
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions ...n/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/CsvTestsDataLoader.java
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Expand Up @@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ public class CsvTestsDataLoader {
new TestDataset("dense_vector_text"),
new TestDataset("mv_text"),
new TestDataset("dense_vector"),
new TestDataset("dense_vector_coalesce").withRequiredCapabilities(EsqlCapabilities.Cap.COALESCE_DENSE_VECTOR),
new TestDataset("dense_vector_bfloat16").withRequiredCapabilities(EsqlCapabilities.Cap.GENERIC_VECTOR_FORMAT),
new TestDataset("dense_vector_arithmetic"),
new TestDataset("web_logs"),
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/data/dense_vector.csv
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Expand Up @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ id:l, float_vector:dense_vector, byte_vector:dense_vector, bit_vector:dense_vect
1, [4.0, 5.0, 6.0], [40, 50, 60], [45, 9]
2, [9.0, 8.0, 7.0], [90, 80, 70], [127, 0]
3, [0.054, 0.032, 0.012], [100, 110, 120], [88, 53]
4, , ,
4, , ,
6 changes: 6 additions & 0 deletions x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/data/dense_vector_coalesce.csv
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@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
id:l, float_vector:dense_vector, float_vector_2:dense_vector, byte_vector:dense_vector, byte_vector_2:dense_vector, bit_vector:dense_vector, bit_vector_2:dense_vector, bfloat16_vector:dense_vector, bfloat16_vector_2:dense_vector
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@mromaios mromaios Feb 26, 2026

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Check: https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/142974/changes#r2848341088
A question about whether we want coalesce tests in the dense_vector*.csv-spec tests.

0, [1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [10, 20, 30], [0, 0, 0], [13, 112], [0, 1], [1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
1, [4.0, 5.0, 6.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [40, 50, 60], [0, 0, 0], [45, 9], [2, 3], [4.0, 5.0, 6.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
2, [9.0, 8.0, 7.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [90, 80, 70], [0, 0, 0], [127, 0], [4, 5], [9.0, 8.0, 7.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
3, [0.054, 0.032, 0.012], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [100, 110, 120], [0, 0, 0], [88, 53], [6, 7], [1.0, 5.0, 7.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
4, , [0.5, 0.5, 0.5], , [1, 2, 3], , [99, 100], , [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
33 changes: 33 additions & 0 deletions x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/dense_vector-bfloat16.csv-spec
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Expand Up @@ -56,6 +56,39 @@ id:l | new_vector:dense_vector
4 | null
;

coalesceBfloat16VectorWithFallback
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@mromaios mromaios Feb 24, 2026 •
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❓ 💭 Do we need coalesce tests in the individual .csv-spec files, or is that an overkill? (same comment for the other types (default, bit, byte))

required_capability: coalesce_dense_vector

FROM dense_vector_coalesce
| EVAL v = COALESCE(bfloat16_vector, to_dense_vector([0, 0, 0]))
| KEEP id, v
| SORT id
;

id:l | v:dense_vector
0 | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
1 | [4.0, 5.0, 6.0]
2 | [9.0, 8.0, 7.0]
3 | [1.0, 5.0, 7.0]
4 | [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
;

coalesceBfloat16VectorTwoColumns
required_capability: coalesce_dense_vector

FROM dense_vector_coalesce
| EVAL v = COALESCE(bfloat16_vector, bfloat16_vector_2)
| KEEP id, v
| SORT id
;

id:l | v:dense_vector
0 | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
1 | [4.0, 5.0, 6.0]
2 | [9.0, 8.0, 7.0]
3 | [1.0, 5.0, 7.0]
4 | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
;

denseVectorAggregationFunctions
required_capability: dense_vector_agg_functions
Expand Down
33 changes: 33 additions & 0 deletions x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/dense_vector-bit.csv-spec
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Expand Up @@ -52,6 +52,39 @@ id:l | new_vector:dense_vector
4 | null
;

coalesceBitVectorWithFallback
required_capability: coalesce_dense_vector

FROM dense_vector
| EVAL v = COALESCE(bit_vector, to_dense_vector([0, 0]))
| KEEP id, v
| SORT id
;

id:l | v:dense_vector
0 | [13, 112]
1 | [45, 9]
2 | [127, 0]
3 | [88, 53]
4 | [0, 0]
;

coalesceBitVectorTwoColumns
required_capability: coalesce_dense_vector

FROM dense_vector_coalesce
| EVAL v = COALESCE(bit_vector, bit_vector_2)
| KEEP id, v
| SORT id
;

id:l | v:dense_vector
0 | [13, 112]
1 | [45, 9]
2 | [127, 0]
3 | [88, 53]
4 | [99, 100]
;

denseVectorAggregationFunctions
required_capability: dense_vector_agg_functions
Expand Down
33 changes: 33 additions & 0 deletions x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/dense_vector-byte.csv-spec
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Expand Up @@ -52,6 +52,39 @@ id:l | new_vector:dense_vector
4 | null
;

coalesceByteVectorWithFallback
required_capability: coalesce_dense_vector

FROM dense_vector
| EVAL v = COALESCE(byte_vector, to_dense_vector([0, 0, 0]))
| KEEP id, v
| SORT id
;

id:l | v:dense_vector
0 | [10, 20, 30]
1 | [40, 50, 60]
2 | [90, 80, 70]
3 | [100, 110, 120]
4 | [0, 0, 0]
;

coalesceByteVectorTwoColumns
required_capability: coalesce_dense_vector

FROM dense_vector_coalesce
| EVAL v = COALESCE(byte_vector, byte_vector_2)
| KEEP id, v
| SORT id
;

id:l | v:dense_vector
0 | [10, 20, 30]
1 | [40, 50, 60]
2 | [90, 80, 70]
3 | [100, 110, 120]
4 | [1, 2, 3]
;

denseVectorAggregationFunctions
required_capability: dense_vector_agg_functions
Expand Down
34 changes: 34 additions & 0 deletions x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/dense_vector.csv-spec
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Expand Up @@ -179,3 +179,37 @@ count_vectors:long
1
;

coalesceDenseVectorWithFallback
required_capability: coalesce_dense_vector

FROM dense_vector
| EVAL v = COALESCE(float_vector, to_dense_vector([0, 0, 0]))
| KEEP id, v
| SORT id
;

id:l | v:dense_vector
0 | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
1 | [4.0, 5.0, 6.0]
2 | [9.0, 8.0, 7.0]
3 | [0.054, 0.032, 0.012]
4 | [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
;

coalesceDenseVectorTwoColumns
required_capability: coalesce_dense_vector

FROM dense_vector_coalesce
| EVAL v = COALESCE(float_vector, float_vector_2)
| KEEP id, v
| SORT id
;

id:l | v:dense_vector
0 | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
1 | [4.0, 5.0, 6.0]
2 | [9.0, 8.0, 7.0]
3 | [0.054, 0.032, 0.012]
4 | [0.5, 0.5, 0.5]
;

1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions ...k/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/index/mappings/mapping-dense_vector.json
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Expand Up @@ -35,3 +35,4 @@
}
}
}

87 changes: 87 additions & 0 deletions ...esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/index/mappings/mapping-dense_vector_coalesce.json
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@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
{
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "long"
},
"float_vector": {
"type": "dense_vector",
"similarity": "l2_norm",
"index_options": {
"type": "hnsw",
"m": 16,
"ef_construction": 100
}
},
"float_vector_2": {
"type": "dense_vector",
"similarity": "l2_norm",
"index_options": {
"type": "hnsw",
"m": 16,
"ef_construction": 100
}
},
"byte_vector": {
"type": "dense_vector",
"similarity": "l2_norm",
"element_type": "byte",
"index_options": {
"type": "hnsw",
"m": 16,
"ef_construction": 100
}
},
"byte_vector_2": {
"type": "dense_vector",
"similarity": "l2_norm",
"element_type": "byte",
"index_options": {
"type": "hnsw",
"m": 16,
"ef_construction": 100
}
},
"bit_vector": {
"type": "dense_vector",
"dims": 16,
"similarity": "l2_norm",
"element_type": "bit",
"index_options": {
"type": "hnsw",
"m": 16,
"ef_construction": 100
}
},
"bit_vector_2": {
"type": "dense_vector",
"dims": 16,
"similarity": "l2_norm",
"element_type": "bit",
"index_options": {
"type": "hnsw",
"m": 16,
"ef_construction": 100
}
},
"bfloat16_vector": {
"type": "dense_vector",
"similarity": "l2_norm",
"element_type": "bfloat16",
"index_options": {
"type": "hnsw",
"m": 16,
"ef_construction": 100
}
},
"bfloat16_vector_2": {
"type": "dense_vector",
"similarity": "l2_norm",
"element_type": "bfloat16",
"index_options": {
"type": "hnsw",
"m": 16,
"ef_construction": 100
}
}
}
}
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