[8.14](backport #38175) github-action: support check/lint/pre-commit

[mergify]

Proposed commit message

• WHAT: github-action: support check/lint/pre-commit.
• WHY: remove support in Jenkins for low-hanging fruit. It was partially done in the past in action: run check, check-default and pre-commit #32723

Further actions

• Update branch-protection:
  • Add pre-commit / pre-commit

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added an entry in CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc or CHANGELOG-developer.next.asciidoc.

Author's Checklist

• [ ]

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #38175 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[botelastic]

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