[#123] Introduce hash value

[elfenpiff]

Notes for Reviewer

According to this: https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/hash_value the result of a hash function is a HashValue or HashOutput. I decided to use HashValue.
It is based on the newly introduced Base64Url semantic string so that the hash result can always be used for file names.

Pre-Review Checklist for the PR Author

1. Add sensible notes for the reviewer
2. PR title is short, expressive and meaningful
3. Relevant issues are linked
4. Every source code file has a copyright header with SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
5. Branch follows the naming format (iox2-123-introduce-posix-ipc-example)
6. Commits messages are according to this guideline
   • Commit messages have the issue ID ([#123] Add posix ipc example)
   • Commit author matches Eclipse Contributor Agreement (and ECA is signed)
7. Tests follow the best practice for testing
8. Changelog updated in the unreleased section including API breaking changes
9. Assign PR to reviewer
10. All checks have passed (except task-list-completed)

Checklist for the PR Reviewer

• Commits are properly organized and messages are according to the guideline
• Unit tests have been written for new behavior
• Public API is documented
• PR title describes the changes

Post-review Checklist for the PR Author

1. All open points are addressed and tracked via issues

References

Use either 'Closes #123' or 'Relates to #123' to reference the corresponding issue.

Closes #123

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 7 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (80db0c4) 77.38% compared to head (e7e006e) 77.41%.
Report is 19 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #128      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   77.38%   77.41%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         181      179       -2     
  Lines       19599    19682      +83     
==========================================
+ Hits        15166    15236      +70     
- Misses       4433     4446      +13     

Files	Coverage Δ
iceoryx2-bb/container/src/semantic_string.rs	78.20% <100.00%> (+0.97%)	⬆️
iceoryx2-cal/src/hash/sha1.rs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
iceoryx2/src/service/static_config/mod.rs	85.52% <100.00%> (+0.80%)	⬆️
iceoryx2-bb/system-types/src/base64url.rs	83.33% <83.33%> (ø)
iceoryx2-cal/src/hash/mod.rs	71.42% <71.42%> (ø)

... and 15 files with indirect coverage changes

[elBoberido]

Look good. One additional test for a failed insertion would be nice.