DX-61115: [C++] Update fast_float version to 3.10.1 (#36434)

[xxlaykxx]

Rationale for this change

Need this for parsing Infinity values with + sign.

What changes are included in this PR?

updated version of fast_float to version 3.10.1 (used this version because in higher versions c++ 20 started using that cause a lot of build errors)

Are these changes tested?

in scope of fast_float.

Are there any user-facing changes?

no

• Closes: [C++] Update fast_float version for parsing Infinity values with + sign apache/arrow#36433

Lead-authored-by: Ivan Chesnov [email protected]

[github-actions]

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