dotnet · roji · Nov 16, 2025 · Nov 17, 2025
diff --git a/global.json b/global.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "sdk": {
-    "version": "9.0.110",
+    "version": "10.0.100",
     "allowPrerelease": true,
     "rollForward": "latestMajor"
   },

diff --git a/src/EFCore/Query/Internal/ExpressionTreeFuncletizer.cs b/src/EFCore/Query/Internal/ExpressionTreeFuncletizer.cs
@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ public class ExpressionTreeFuncletizer : ExpressionVisitor
     private static readonly bool UseOldBehavior35100 =
         AppContext.TryGetSwitch("Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Issue35100", out var enabled35100) && enabled35100;
 
+    private static readonly bool UseOldBehavior37176 =
+        AppContext.TryGetSwitch("Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Issue37176", out var enabled37176) && enabled37176;
+
     private static readonly MethodInfo ReadOnlyCollectionIndexerGetter = typeof(ReadOnlyCollection<Expression>).GetProperties()
         .Single(p => p.GetIndexParameters() is { Length: 1 } indexParameters && indexParameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(int)).GetMethod!;
 
@@ -985,14 +988,32 @@ protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression methodCall)
             switch (method.Name)
             {
                 case nameof(MemoryExtensions.Contains)
-                    when methodCall.Arguments is [var arg0, var arg1] && TryUnwrapSpanImplicitCast(arg0, out var unwrappedArg0):
+                    when UseOldBehavior37176
+                        && methodCall.Arguments is [var arg0, var arg1]
+                        && TryUnwrapSpanImplicitCast(arg0, out var unwrappedArg0):
                 {
                     return Visit(
                         Call(
                             EnumerableMethods.Contains.MakeGenericMethod(methodCall.Method.GetGenericArguments()[0]),
                             unwrappedArg0, arg1));
                 }
 
+                // In .NET 10, MemoryExtensions.Contains has an overload that accepts a third, optional comparer, in addition to the older
+                // overload that accepts two parameters only.
+                case nameof(MemoryExtensions.Contains)
+                    when !UseOldBehavior37176
+                        && methodCall.Arguments is [var spanArg, var valueArg, ..]
+                        && (methodCall.Arguments.Count is 2
+                            || methodCall.Arguments.Count is 3
+                                && methodCall.Arguments[2] is ConstantExpression { Value: null })
+                        && TryUnwrapSpanImplicitCast(spanArg, out var unwrappedSpanArg):
+                {
+                    return Visit(
+                        Call(
+                            EnumerableMethods.Contains.MakeGenericMethod(method.GetGenericArguments()[0]),
+                            unwrappedSpanArg, valueArg));
+                }
+
                 case nameof(MemoryExtensions.SequenceEqual)
                     when methodCall.Arguments is [var arg0, var arg1]
                     && TryUnwrapSpanImplicitCast(arg0, out var unwrappedArg0)
@@ -1005,20 +1026,37 @@ protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression methodCall)
 
             static bool TryUnwrapSpanImplicitCast(Expression expression, [NotNullWhen(true)] out Expression? result)
             {
-                if (expression is MethodCallExpression
+                switch (expression)
+                {
+                    // With newer versions of the SDK, the implicit cast is represented as a MethodCallExpression;
+                    // with older versions, it's a Convert node.
+                    case MethodCallExpression
                     {
                         Method: { Name: "op_Implicit", DeclaringType: { IsGenericType: true } implicitCastDeclaringType },
                         Arguments: [var unwrapped]
+                    } when implicitCastDeclaringType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() is var genericTypeDefinition
+                        && (genericTypeDefinition == typeof(Span<>) || genericTypeDefinition == typeof(ReadOnlySpan<>)):
+                    {
+                        result = unwrapped;
+                        return true;
                     }
-                    && implicitCastDeclaringType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() is var genericTypeDefinition
-                    && (genericTypeDefinition == typeof(Span<>) || genericTypeDefinition == typeof(ReadOnlySpan<>)))
-                {
-                    result = unwrapped;
-                    return true;
-                }
 
-                result = null;
-                return false;
+                    case UnaryExpression
+                    {
+                        NodeType: ExpressionType.Convert,
+                        Operand: var unwrapped,
+                        Type: { IsGenericType: true } convertType
+                    } when !UseOldBehavior37176 && convertType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() is var genericTypeDefinition
+                        && (genericTypeDefinition == typeof(Span<>) || genericTypeDefinition == typeof(ReadOnlySpan<>)):
+                    {
+                        result = unwrapped;
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                        result = null;
+                        return false;
+                }
             }
         }
 

diff --git a/src/Shared/EnumerableExtensions.cs b/src/Shared/EnumerableExtensions.cs
@@ -125,18 +125,18 @@ public static bool Any(this IEnumerable source)
         return false;
     }
 
-    public static async Task<List<TSource>> ToListAsync<TSource>(
-        this IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source,
-        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
-    {
-        var list = new List<TSource>();
-        await foreach (var element in source.WithCancellation(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
-        {
-            list.Add(element);
-        }
-
-        return list;
-    }
+    // public static async Task<List<TSource>> ToListAsync<TSource>(
+    //     this IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source,
+    //     CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    // {
+    //     var list = new List<TSource>();
+    //     await foreach (var element in source.WithCancellation(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+    //     {
+    //         list.Add(element);
+    //     }
+
+    //     return list;
+    // }
 
     public static List<TSource> ToList<TSource>(this IEnumerable source)
         => source.OfType<TSource>().ToList();

diff --git a/test/EFCore.Analyzers.Tests/EFCore.Analyzers.Tests.csproj b/test/EFCore.Analyzers.Tests/EFCore.Analyzers.Tests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Analyzers.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <PreserveCompilationContext>true</PreserveCompilationContext>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.AspNet.InMemory.FunctionalTests/EFCore.AspNet.InMemory.FunctionalTests.csproj b/test/EFCore.AspNet.InMemory.FunctionalTests/EFCore.AspNet.InMemory.FunctionalTests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.AspNet.InMemory.FunctionalTests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <Nullable>disable</Nullable>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.AspNet.Specification.Tests/EFCore.AspNet.Specification.Tests.csproj b/test/EFCore.AspNet.Specification.Tests/EFCore.AspNet.Specification.Tests.csproj
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <Description>Shared ASP.NET test suite for Entity Framework Core database providers.</Description>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.AspNet.Specification.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <Nullable>disable</Nullable>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.AspNet.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/EFCore.AspNet.SqlServer.FunctionalTests.csproj b/test/EFCore.AspNet.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/EFCore.AspNet.SqlServer.FunctionalTests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.AspNet.SqlServer.FunctionalTests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <SkipTests Condition="'$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT' AND '$(Test__SqlServer__DefaultConnection)' == ''">True</SkipTests>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.AspNet.Sqlite.FunctionalTests/EFCore.AspNet.Sqlite.FunctionalTests.csproj b/test/EFCore.AspNet.Sqlite.FunctionalTests/EFCore.AspNet.Sqlite.FunctionalTests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.AspNet.Sqlite.FunctionalTests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <ImplicitUsings>true</ImplicitUsings>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.Cosmos.FunctionalTests/EFCore.Cosmos.FunctionalTests.csproj b/test/EFCore.Cosmos.FunctionalTests/EFCore.Cosmos.FunctionalTests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Cosmos.FunctionalTests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <ImplicitUsings>true</ImplicitUsings>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.Cosmos.Tests/EFCore.Cosmos.Tests.csproj b/test/EFCore.Cosmos.Tests/EFCore.Cosmos.Tests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Cosmos.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Cosmos</RootNamespace>
     <Nullable>disable</Nullable>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.CrossStore.FunctionalTests/EFCore.CrossStore.FunctionalTests.csproj b/test/EFCore.CrossStore.FunctionalTests/EFCore.CrossStore.FunctionalTests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.CrossStore.FunctionalTests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <Nullable>disable</Nullable>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.Design.Tests/EFCore.Design.Tests.csproj b/test/EFCore.Design.Tests/EFCore.Design.Tests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <PreserveCompilationContext>true</PreserveCompilationContext>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.InMemory.FunctionalTests/EFCore.InMemory.FunctionalTests.csproj b/test/EFCore.InMemory.FunctionalTests/EFCore.InMemory.FunctionalTests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory.FunctionalTests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <Nullable>disable</Nullable>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.InMemory.Tests/EFCore.InMemory.Tests.csproj b/test/EFCore.InMemory.Tests/EFCore.InMemory.Tests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <ImplicitUsings>true</ImplicitUsings>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.OData.FunctionalTests/EFCore.OData.FunctionalTests.csproj b/test/EFCore.OData.FunctionalTests/EFCore.OData.FunctionalTests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.OData.FunctionalTests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <Nullable>disable</Nullable>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.Proxies.Tests/EFCore.Proxies.Tests.csproj b/test/EFCore.Proxies.Tests/EFCore.Proxies.Tests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Proxies.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <Nullable>disable</Nullable>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.Relational.Specification.Tests/EFCore.Relational.Specification.Tests.csproj b/test/EFCore.Relational.Specification.Tests/EFCore.Relational.Specification.Tests.csproj
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <Description>Shared test suite for Entity Framework Core relational database providers.</Description>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Relational.Specification.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.Relational.Tests/EFCore.Relational.Tests.csproj b/test/EFCore.Relational.Tests/EFCore.Relational.Tests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Relational.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <Nullable>disable</Nullable>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.Specification.Tests/EFCore.Specification.Tests.csproj b/test/EFCore.Specification.Tests/EFCore.Specification.Tests.csproj
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <Description>Shared test suite for Entity Framework Core database providers.</Description>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Specification.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.Specification.Tests/Query/PrimitiveCollectionsQueryTestBase.cs b/test/EFCore.Specification.Tests/Query/PrimitiveCollectionsQueryTestBase.cs
@@ -607,6 +607,34 @@ public virtual Task Column_collection_of_bools_Contains(bool async)
             async,
             ss => ss.Set<PrimitiveCollectionsEntity>().Where(c => c.Bools.Contains(true)));
 
+    // C# 14 first-class spans caused MemoryExtensions.Contains to get resolved instead of Enumerable.Contains.
+    // The following tests that the various overloads are all supported.
+    [ConditionalTheory]
+    [MemberData(nameof(IsAsyncData))]
+    public virtual Task Contains_on_Enumerable(bool async)
+        => AssertQuery(
+            async,
+            ss => ss.Set<PrimitiveCollectionsEntity>().Where(c => Enumerable.Contains(new[] { 10, 999 }, c.Int)));
+
+    // C# 14 first-class spans caused MemoryExtensions.Contains to get resolved instead of Enumerable.Contains.
+    // The following tests that the various overloads are all supported.
+    [ConditionalTheory]
+    [MemberData(nameof(IsAsyncData))]
+    public virtual Task Contains_on_MemoryExtensions(bool async)
+        => AssertQuery(
+            async,
+            ss => ss.Set<PrimitiveCollectionsEntity>().Where(c => MemoryExtensions.Contains(new[] { 10, 999 }, c.Int)));
+
+    // Note that we don't test EF 8/9 with .NET 10; this test is here for completeness/documentation purposes.
+#if NET10_0_OR_GREATER
+    [ConditionalTheory]
+    [MemberData(nameof(IsAsyncData))]
+    public virtual Task Contains_with_MemoryExtensions_with_null_comparer(bool async)
+        => AssertQuery(
+            async,
+            ss => ss.Set<PrimitiveCollectionsEntity>().Where(c => MemoryExtensions.Contains(new[] { 10, 999 }, c.Int, comparer: null)));
+#endif
+
     [ConditionalTheory]
     [MemberData(nameof(IsAsyncData))]
     public virtual Task Column_collection_Count_method(bool async)

diff --git a/test/EFCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/EFCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests.csproj b/test/EFCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/EFCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>$(DefaultNetCoreTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore</RootNamespace>
     <PreserveCompilationContext>true</PreserveCompilationContext>

diff --git a/test/EFCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/Query/PrimitiveCollectionsQueryOldSqlServerTest.cs b/test/EFCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/Query/PrimitiveCollectionsQueryOldSqlServerTest.cs
@@ -761,6 +761,45 @@ await context.Database.SqlQuery<string>($"SELECT [Bools] AS [Value] FROM [Primit
                 .SingleAsync());
     }
 
+    public override async Task Contains_on_Enumerable(bool async)
+    {
+        await base.Contains_on_Enumerable(async);
+
+        AssertSql(
+            """
+SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[Bool], [p].[Bools], [p].[DateTime], [p].[DateTimes], [p].[Enum], [p].[Enums], [p].[Int], [p].[Ints], [p].[NullableInt], [p].[NullableInts], [p].[NullableString], [p].[NullableStrings], [p].[String], [p].[Strings]
+FROM [PrimitiveCollectionsEntity] AS [p]
+WHERE [p].[Int] IN (10, 999)
+""");
+    }
+
+
+    public override async Task Contains_on_MemoryExtensions(bool async)
+    {
+        await base.Contains_on_MemoryExtensions(async);
+
+        AssertSql(
+            """
+SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[Bool], [p].[Bools], [p].[DateTime], [p].[DateTimes], [p].[Enum], [p].[Enums], [p].[Int], [p].[Ints], [p].[NullableInt], [p].[NullableInts], [p].[NullableString], [p].[NullableStrings], [p].[String], [p].[Strings]
+FROM [PrimitiveCollectionsEntity] AS [p]
+WHERE [p].[Int] IN (10, 999)
+""");
+    }
+
+#if NET10_0_OR_GREATER
+    public override async Task Contains_with_MemoryExtensions_with_null_comparer(bool async)
+    {
+        await base.Contains_with_MemoryExtensions_with_null_comparer(async);
+
+        AssertSql(
+            """
+SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[Bool], [p].[Bools], [p].[DateTime], [p].[DateTimes], [p].[Enum], [p].[Enums], [p].[Int], [p].[Ints], [p].[NullableInt], [p].[NullableInts], [p].[NullableString], [p].[NullableStrings], [p].[String], [p].[Strings]
+FROM [PrimitiveCollectionsEntity] AS [p]
+WHERE [p].[Int] IN (10, 999)
+""");
+    }
+#endif
+
     public override Task Column_collection_Count_method(bool async)
         => AssertCompatibilityLevelTooLow(() => base.Column_collection_Count_method(async));