PyTorch learning rate finder

A PyTorch implementation of the learning rate range test detailed in Cyclical Learning Rates for Training Neural Networks by Leslie N. Smith and the tweaked version used by fastai.

The learning rate range test is a test that provides valuable information about the optimal learning rate. During a pre-training run, the learning rate is increased linearly or exponentially between two boundaries. The low initial learning rate allows the network to start converging and as the learning rate is increased it will eventually be too large and the network will diverge.

Typically, a good static learning rate can be found half-way on the descending loss curve. In the plot below that would be lr = 0.002.

For cyclical learning rates (also detailed in Leslie Smith's paper) where the learning rate is cycled between two boundaries (start_lr, end_lr), the author advises the point at which the loss starts descending and the point at which the loss stops descending or becomes ragged for start_lr and end_lr respectively. In the plot below, start_lr = 0.0002 and end_lr=0.2.

Installation

Python 3.5 and above:

pip install torch-lr-finder

Install with the support of mixed precision training (see also this section):

pip install torch-lr-finder -v --global-option="apex"

Implementation details and usage

Tweaked version from fastai

Increases the learning rate in an exponential manner and computes the training loss for each learning rate. lr_finder.plot() plots the training loss versus logarithmic learning rate.

from torch_lr_finder import LRFinder

model = ...
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-7, weight_decay=1e-2)
lr_finder = LRFinder(model, optimizer, criterion, device="cuda")
lr_finder.range_test(trainloader, end_lr=100, num_iter=100)
lr_finder.plot() # to inspect the loss-learning rate graph
lr_finder.reset() # to reset the model and optimizer to their initial state

Leslie Smith's approach

Increases the learning rate linearly and computes the evaluation loss for each learning rate. lr_finder.plot() plots the evaluation loss versus learning rate. This approach typically produces more precise curves because the evaluation loss is more susceptible to divergence but it takes significantly longer to perform the test, especially if the evaluation dataset is large.

from torch_lr_finder import LRFinder

model = ...
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.1, weight_decay=1e-2)
lr_finder = LRFinder(model, optimizer, criterion, device="cuda")
lr_finder.range_test(trainloader, val_loader=val_loader, end_lr=1, num_iter=100, step_mode="linear")
lr_finder.plot(log_lr=False)
lr_finder.reset()

Notes

• Examples for CIFAR10 and MNIST can be found in the examples folder.
• The optimizer passed to LRFinder should not have an LRScheduler attached to it.
• LRFinder.range_test() will change the model weights and the optimizer parameters. Both can be restored to their initial state with LRFinder.reset().
• The learning rate and loss history can be accessed through lr_finder.history. This will return a dictionary with lr and loss keys.
• When using step_mode="linear" the learning rate range should be within the same order of magnitude.
• LRFinder.range_test() expects a pair of input, label to be returned from the DataLoader objects passed to it. The input must be ready to be passed to the model and the label must be ready to be passed to the criterion without any further data processing/handling/conversion. If you find yourself needing a workaround you can make use of the classes TrainDataLoaderIter and ValDataLoaderIter to perform any data processing/handling/conversion inbetween the DataLoader and the training/evaluation loop. You can find an example of how to use these classes in examples/lrfinder_cifar10_dataloader_iter.

Additional support for training

Gradient accumulation

You can set the accumulation_steps parameter in LRFinder.range_test() with a proper value to perform gradient accumulation:

from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torch_lr_finder import LRFinder

desired_batch_size, real_batch_size = 32, 4
accumulation_steps = desired_batch_size // real_batch_size

dataset = ...

# Beware of the `batch_size` used by `DataLoader`
trainloader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=real_batch_size, shuffle=True)

model = ...
criterion = ...
optimizer = ...

# (Optional) With this setting, `amp.scale_loss()` will be adopted automatically.
# model, optimizer = amp.initialize(model, optimizer, opt_level='O1')

lr_finder = LRFinder(model, optimizer, criterion, device="cuda")
lr_finder.range_test(trainloader, end_lr=10, num_iter=100, step_mode="exp", accumulation_steps=accumulation_steps)
lr_finder.plot()
lr_finder.reset()

Mixed precision training

Both apex.amp and torch.amp are supported now, here are the examples:

• Using apex.amp:

  from torch_lr_finder import LRFinder
  from apex import amp
  
  # Add this line before running `LRFinder`
  model, optimizer = amp.initialize(model, optimizer, opt_level='O1')
  
  lr_finder = LRFinder(model, optimizer, criterion, device='cuda', amp_backend='apex')
  lr_finder.range_test(trainloader, end_lr=10, num_iter=100, step_mode='exp')
  lr_finder.plot()
  lr_finder.reset()

• Using torch.amp

  from torch_lr_finder import LRFinder
  
  amp_config = {
      'device_type': 'cuda',
      'dtype': torch.float16,
  }
  grad_scaler = torch.cuda.amp.GradScaler()
  
  lr_finder = LRFinder(
      model, optimizer, criterion, device='cuda',
      amp_backend='torch', amp_config=amp_config, grad_scaler=grad_scaler
  )
  lr_finder.range_test(trainloader, end_lr=10, num_iter=100, step_mode='exp')
  lr_finder.plot()
  lr_finder.reset()

Note that the benefit of mixed precision training requires a nvidia GPU with tensor cores (see also: NVIDIA/apex #297)

Besides, you can try to set torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True to improve the training speed. (but it won't work for some cases, you should use it at your own risk)

Contributing and pull requests

All contributions are welcome but first, have a look at CONTRIBUTING.md.