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stats: use available type metadata when hydrating UDTs #137960

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This commit updates the table stats cache to use the correct metadata when hydrating the UDTs for the table stats read from disk. Previously, we would always use the DescsTxn helper to run a separate txn to create the type resolved, which I think meant that we would use latest committed metadata; however, if the UDT modification happened within the current not-yet-committed txn, then we would use stale metadata which could lead to failing an assertion later (that we used enums of different versions). In particular, this would happen if we added a new value to the UDT and then would use the previously-existing value in a filter. Note that we correctly determined that the stats cache entry was stale, we simply used stale type metadata to hydrate the UDTs.

To fix the problem this commit plumbs the type resolver all the way from the caller who is requesting the table stats. The previous behavior is acceptable in some cases (in backups), so the type resolver is optional.

Fixes: #129623.

Release note (bug fix): Previously, CockroachDB could encounter an internal error comparison of two different versions of enum in some cases when a user-defined type was modified within a transaction and following statements read the column of that user-defined type. The bug was introduced in 24.2 version and is now fixed.

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This commit updates the table stats cache to use the correct metadata when
hydrating the UDTs for the table stats read from disk. Previously, we
would always use the `DescsTxn` helper to run a separate txn to create
the type resolved, which I think meant that we would use latest
_committed_ metadata; however, if the UDT modification happened within
the current not-yet-committed txn, then we would use stale metadata
which could lead to failing an assertion later (that we used enums of
different versions). In particular, this would happen if we added a new
value to the UDT and then would use the previously-existing value in
a filter. Note that we correctly determined that the stats cache entry
was stale, we simply used stale type metadata to hydrate the UDTs.

To fix the problem this commit plumbs the type resolver all the way from
the caller who is requesting the table stats. The previous behavior is
acceptable in some cases (in backups), so the type resolver is optional.

Release note (bug fix): Previously, CockroachDB could encounter an
internal error `comparison of two different versions of enum` in some
cases when a user-defined type was modified within a transaction and
following statements read the column of that user-defined type. The bug
was introduced in 24.2 version and is now fixed.
@yuzefovich yuzefovich requested a review from michae2 December 24, 2024 01:26
@yuzefovich yuzefovich marked this pull request as ready for review December 24, 2024 01:26
@yuzefovich yuzefovich requested review from a team as code owners December 24, 2024 01:26
@yuzefovich yuzefovich requested review from jeffswenson and removed request for a team and jeffswenson December 24, 2024 01:26
@yuzefovich yuzefovich added backport-24.2.x Flags PRs that need to be backported to 24.2 backport-24.3.x Flags PRs that need to be backported to 24.3 labels Dec 24, 2024
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sql: enum stats can be invalid after schema change, causing assertion failure
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