An eforth Subroutine Threaded Code for 64 bits x86 PC     	   hcchen5600 2011/12/29
	
	What is it?
	
	    eforth 原本是用 MASM 寫的 x86 16bits DOS 程式。我把它改成 x86 64bits STC。如此一
	    來 PC BIOS 整個 run time service 都不能用了，所以 keyboard input, display output 
	    都要從頭寫起，當然也不會有 Operating System. 目前沒有讀寫 disk 的能力，用 floppy 開
	    機進 eforth64 的過程只有最初一點點靠 BIOS 做，隨後進了 64 bits mode 之後就全都是 
	    eforth64 自己了。

	    最終結果是個 Bootable floppy image floppy.img with a special MBR boot sector that
	    enters 64-bits long mode directly, load eforth64 kernel eforth64.bin to 0x100000,
	    and all forth source code .f files right after it, and then jump to 0x100000 從此
	    都是 eforth64 的天下了。
	
	    eforth64 kernal 'cold' loads forth source code from memory right after itself
	    then 'quit'.
	
	    All console i/o words are defined in forth source so they are necessary while kernel
	    does not have the ability to communicate with user.
	
	Quick Start
	
	    解開 eforth64_r20.zip 到某 working folder。執行 run.bat 即可跑出 eforth 64-bits.
	    敲 words 查看所有的命令， 敲 see swap 看 disassembly 的效果，照下面 「實用的
	    Debug registers demo」 的 demo 附件玩一遍，15 分鐘以內完成。
	
	
	What's new?
	   
	   Vocabulary
	   ================
	
	   Support vocabulary. Forth words 可以分組，稱組別為 vocabulary 或 wordlist. eforth64 因為
	   supports assembly disassembly 以及 interrupts 致使 words 裡有太多 CPU instructions, ISR 
	   routines, etc 顯得非常雜亂，user 需要用的 words 埋沒在裡面看不到。有了 vocabulary 就可以
	   為 words 歸類分組，整理清爽。
	   
	   以 words 說明：
	
	       words         以前，會按定義的順序列出「所有的 word」混成一大團. 
	                     現在，分組列出，同一 vocabulary 裡按定義順序同前。
	                     
	       words debug   以前，不認得後綴的 arguments.
	                     現在，只列出 debug vocabulary 裡的 words.
	   
	   Vocabulary 可以自訂。 一開始定好的如下 : 
	   
	       forth         Forth words
	       assembler     assembler words
	       disassembler  disassembler words
	       hidden        一些 user 可能用不著的 words
	       isr           interrupt service routines 以及相關的 words
	       debug         debug 用的 words
	       console       螢幕、鍵盤 user interface words
	       mywords       我們自己寫的其他東西
	   
	   Vocabulary 的相關 words： 
	   
	       常用的有 only , also , previous , order , vocabulary , definitions , vocs
	       
	       次要的有 current , context , get-order , set-order 
	       
	       詳細用法可以參考 OLPC 的 Forth Lesson 21 課程 
	       http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Forth_Lesson_21 
	
	
	   實用的 Debug registers demo
	   ================================
	
	   eforth64 裡採用 FigTaiwan 高人 張吉進老師指點的 Tiny assembler / disassembler. 我有一篇
	   說明: "An introduction to tinyAssembler/disassembler for Forth systems" 放在 FigTaiwan 的
	   Wiki page 上：
	   http://www.we-free.net/F2com-wiki/doku.php?id=%E9%81%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%96%BC_assembly_%E7%9A%84%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88
	   
	   那篇文章的 Section 4 有 demo, 照做就可以體驗一下在 eforth64 上玩 X86 CPU 的 debug registers
	   以及它的 debug 功能。
	   
	   80386 時代就有 CPU 內建的 debug registers DR0~DR7, 因為條件重重，很少有人自己玩過。其實
	   debug registers 本身很簡單好用。 eforth64 控制整台電腦，interrupt service routines 都是
	   我們自己用 forth 寫的，forth 本身就是個 console 或 shell，所以一伸手就可以把玩之。
	   
	   網文時不時有所修訂，但恐怕有一天會斷鍊。附件 "tinyAssembler-disassembler FigTaiwan Wiki 
	   version.pdf" 以防萬一。
	  
	
	程式設計師導引
	
	    Source code files:  mbr.asm eforth64.asm and ~.f files.
	    Assembler is NASM v2.09.10
	
	    How to compile mbr.asm to mbr.bin ?
	    ==> Run "make.bat mbr"  (enter)
	
	    How to compile eforth64.asm to eforth64.bin ?
	    ==> Run "make.bat eforth64"  (enter)
	
	    How to build floppy.img  ?
	    ==> Run "build26.bat"   <==== 自動把 mbr.bin  eforth64.bin 以及 forth source files
	    串成 floppy.img 。
	    floppy.img can be used by both Bochs or QEMU.
	
	    How to debug ?
	    ==> Run debug.bat to launch floppy.img on Bochs debugger Bochsdbg.exe  for debugging.
	    ==> "words debug" shows built-in debug features.
	
	    How to  run ?
	    ==> Run.bat   <==== Launch floppy.img on QEMU virtual machine, much faster than Bochs.
	
	    把玩時，~.f 可以任意修改，改好跑一下 build26.bat 打包成新的 floppy.img 即可 run.bat 。
	
	
	    Explanations of all files in eforth64_r20.zip
	    ======================================================================================================================
	    86ef202.asm            2011/12/23  21:06 PM    51,711  eforth for DOS source code. Important reference.
	    weforth.asm            2011/05/23  22:57 PM   124,984  eforth for win32 source code. Important STC reference.
	                                                           
	    eforth64.asm           2011/12/29  11:02 AM   104,976  eforth64 source code.
	    MBR.asm                2011/08/13  19:16 PM    11,796  MBR sector source code
	    00_constants.f         2011/12/26  13:34 PM     2,176  forth high level source code
	    01_basics_p1.f         2011/12/29  11:09 AM    41,885  forth high level source code
	    015_disasm_p1.f        2011/12/28  14:48 PM    13,775  forth high level source code
	    02_assembler.f         2011/12/29  08:16 AM    48,619  forth high level source code
	    025_disasm_p2.f        2011/12/28  14:48 PM     3,567  forth high level source code
	    03_codewords.f         2011/12/28  14:50 PM     1,548  forth high level source code
	    04_console.f           2011/12/28  14:50 PM    11,375  forth high level source code
	    05_basics_p2.f         2011/12/29  08:42 AM    24,081  forth high level source code
	    06_ISR.f               2011/12/28  14:53 PM    41,625  forth high level source code
	    07_basics_p3.f         2011/12/29  09:01 AM     8,161  forth high level source code
	    08_debug_registers.f   2011/12/28  14:55 PM     1,384  forth high level source code
	    cfg.bat                2011/11/06  09:57 AM       130  Setup path before being able to make and build.
	    make.bat               2011/07/19  11:23 AM        35  assembly source code make file
	    build26.bat            2011/12/11  21:31 PM     1,652  pack eforth64.bin and forth source code files into a floppy image.
	    run.bat                2011/08/14  09:04 AM     1,133  Run QEMU to start running eforth64.
	    debug.bat              2011/12/04  07:05 AM       236  http://bochs.sourceforge.net/ Run Bochsdbg.exe to debug eforth64.
	                                                           
	    eforth64.bin           2011/12/29  11:07 AM    10,116  assembled from eforth64.asm. My assembler is NASM 2.09.10
	    eforth64.lst           2011/12/29  11:07 AM   299,986  listing file of eforth64.asm, for debugging reference.
	    MBR.bin                2011/08/13  19:16 PM       512  MBR sector binary, compiled from MBR.asm
	    mbr.lst                2011/08/13  19:16 PM    24,707  MBR sector source code listing file.
	    Track1complement.asm   2011/08/13  21:04 PM       120  Pack floppy image needs this to fill out track1. 
	    Track1complement.bin   2011/08/13  21:05 PM     8,704  Pack floppy image needs this to fill out track1. 
	    floppy.img             2011/12/29  11:09 AM 1,474,560  Boot this floppy image to run eforth64. Ok for QEMU and Bochs or any x64 supported virtual PC software.
	    floppyfill.bat         2011/08/13  21:32 PM       206  Auto generate floppyfill.bin to complete the floppy image
	    64bits-MBR.bxrc        2011/08/13  22:08 PM     1,885  http://bochs.sourceforge.net/ Bochs simulater config file. If you want to debug by Bochsdbg.exe then this config file FYR.
	                                                           
	    qemu-system-x86_64.exe 2010/10/16  10:08 AM 2,909,972  QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html    
	    bios.bin               2010/10/15  00:01 AM   131,072  QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html    
	    fmod.dll               2007/02/07  14:28 PM   162,816  QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html    
	    pxe-e1000.bin          2010/10/15  00:01 AM    72,192  QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html    
	    SDL.dll                2007/03/06  23:34 PM   486,909  QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html    
	    vgabios-cirrus.bin     2010/10/15  00:01 AM    35,840  QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html    
	    ======================================================================================================================
	    
	致謝
	
	    1. 丁陳老師的 86ef202.asm 原版 source code.
	       Yap 小葉夫子的 fsharp (weforth.asm) 32bits eforth for Win32 source code.
	
	    2. 曾慶潭老師指點的 64 bits 途徑：應直接用 64-bits cell。
	
	    3. Yap 老師一句話： eforth 改幾 bits 都很簡單。
	       eforth 變身只要改前面幾個 code words 就可以了。真的很簡單。
	   
	    4. FigTaiwan 網友，「大陸阿志」先生的 64-bits 文章。Long mode tutorials.
	
	    5. 張吉進 學長的 tiny assembly/disassembly. 「寫出 assembler 的同時，
	       disassembler 也完成了。」
	
	    6. eforth 的創始人 Bill Muench's bforth 裡的 vocabulary words.
	       爽哥、曾慶潭老師指點的 vocabulary words.
	
	
	陳厚成 敬呈
	100.12.29