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Surface tension model for phase change (#904)
Description of the problem Surface tension force was applied everywhere when treating solid-liquid phase change. This caused strange behaviour at the solid-liquid interface Description of the solution a surface tension model was added to compute the surface tension coefficient as: sigma=alpha_l*(sigma_0+dsigmadt*(T-T_0)), where alpha_l is the liquid fraction How Has This Been Tested? 2 tests added
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applications_tests/lethe-fluid/liquid_thermocapillary_droplet.output
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Running on 1 MPI rank(s)... | ||
Number of active cells: 4096 | ||
Number of degrees of freedom: 12675 | ||
Volume of triangulation: 36 | ||
Number of thermal degrees of freedom: 4225 | ||
Number of VOF degrees of freedom: 4225 | ||
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.000000 -0.000000 -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 | ||
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||
******************************************************************************* | ||
Transient iteration: 1 Time: 0.005 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0 | ||
******************************************************************************* | ||
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.005000 -0.000000 -0.000000 0.001872 -0.000000 | ||
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********************************************************************************** | ||
Transient iteration: 2 Time: 0.01 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0.000465832 | ||
********************************************************************************** | ||
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.010000 0.000009 -0.000000 0.003684 0.000000 | ||
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********************************************************************************* | ||
Transient iteration: 3 Time: 0.015 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0.00084471 | ||
********************************************************************************* | ||
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.015000 0.000028 -0.000000 0.005439 0.000000 | ||
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********************************************************************************* | ||
Transient iteration: 4 Time: 0.02 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0.00116533 | ||
********************************************************************************* | ||
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.020000 0.000055 -0.000000 0.007143 0.000000 | ||
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********************************************************************************* | ||
Transient iteration: 5 Time: 0.025 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0.00144378 | ||
********************************************************************************* | ||
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.025000 0.000091 -0.000000 0.008798 0.000000 |
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applications_tests/lethe-fluid/liquid_thermocapillary_droplet.prm
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#---------------------- | ||
# Listing of Parameters | ||
#---------------------- | ||
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set dimension = 2 | ||
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# Simulation and IO Control | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection simulation control | ||
set method = bdf1 | ||
set time end = 0.025 | ||
set time step = 0.005 | ||
set adapt = false | ||
set max cfl = 0 | ||
set output frequency = 0 | ||
end | ||
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#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
# Multiphysics | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection multiphysics | ||
set VOF = true | ||
set heat transfer = true | ||
end | ||
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#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
# VOF | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection VOF | ||
subsection surface tension force | ||
set enable = true | ||
set phase fraction gradient diffusion factor = 4 | ||
set curvature diffusion factor = 1 | ||
set output auxiliary fields = true | ||
set enable marangoni effect = true | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
# Initial condition | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection initial conditions | ||
set type = nodal | ||
subsection uvwp | ||
set Function expression = 0; 0; 0 | ||
end | ||
subsection VOF | ||
set Function expression = if (x*x + y*y < 1.0*1.0 , 1, 0) | ||
subsection projection step | ||
set enable = true | ||
set diffusion factor = 1.0 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
subsection temperature | ||
set Function expression = x+3 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
# Physical Properties | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection physical properties | ||
set number of fluids = 2 | ||
subsection fluid 1 | ||
set density = 1 | ||
set kinematic viscosity = 1 | ||
set thermal conductivity = 100 | ||
end | ||
subsection fluid 0 | ||
set density = 1 | ||
set kinematic viscosity = 1 | ||
set thermal conductivity = 100 | ||
end | ||
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set number of material interactions = 1 | ||
subsection material interaction 0 | ||
set type = fluid-fluid | ||
subsection fluid-fluid interaction | ||
set first fluid id = 0 | ||
set second fluid id = 1 | ||
set surface tension model = phase change | ||
set surface tension coefficient = 3.0 | ||
set reference state temperature = 0.0 | ||
set temperature-driven surface tension gradient = -1.0 | ||
set liquidus temperature = 0 | ||
set solidus temperature = -1 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
# Mesh | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection mesh | ||
set type = dealii | ||
set grid type = subdivided_hyper_rectangle | ||
set grid arguments = 1, 1: -3.0, -3.0: 3.0, 3.0: true | ||
set initial refinement = 6 | ||
end | ||
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# -------------------------------------------------- | ||
# Boundary Conditions | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection boundary conditions | ||
set number = 4 | ||
subsection bc 0 | ||
set id = 0 | ||
set type = noslip | ||
end | ||
subsection bc 1 | ||
set id = 1 | ||
set type = noslip | ||
end | ||
subsection bc 2 | ||
set id = 2 | ||
set type = noslip | ||
end | ||
subsection bc 3 | ||
set id = 3 | ||
set type = noslip | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection boundary conditions heat transfer | ||
set number = 4 | ||
subsection bc 0 | ||
set id = 0 | ||
set type = temperature | ||
set value = 0 | ||
end | ||
subsection bc 1 | ||
set id = 1 | ||
set type = temperature | ||
set value = 6 | ||
end | ||
subsection bc 2 | ||
set id = 2 | ||
set type = noflux | ||
end | ||
subsection bc 3 | ||
set id = 3 | ||
set type = noflux | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
# Post-processing | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection post-processing | ||
set verbosity = verbose | ||
set calculate barycenter = true | ||
end | ||
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#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
# FEM | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection FEM | ||
set velocity order = 1 | ||
set pressure order = 1 | ||
set VOF order = 1 | ||
set temperature order = 1 | ||
end | ||
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# -------------------------------------------------- | ||
# Non-Linear Solver Control | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection non-linear solver | ||
subsection VOF | ||
set tolerance = 1e-5 | ||
set max iterations = 100 | ||
set verbosity = quiet | ||
end | ||
subsection heat transfer | ||
set tolerance = 1e-5 | ||
set max iterations = 100 | ||
set verbosity = quiet | ||
end | ||
subsection fluid dynamics | ||
set tolerance = 1e-5 | ||
set max iterations = 100 | ||
set verbosity = quiet | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
# Linear Solver Control | ||
#--------------------------------------------------- | ||
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subsection linear solver | ||
subsection fluid dynamics | ||
set verbosity = quiet | ||
set method = gmres | ||
set max iters = 8000 | ||
set relative residual = 1e-3 | ||
set minimum residual = 1e-7 | ||
set preconditioner = ilu | ||
set ilu preconditioner fill = 0 | ||
set ilu preconditioner absolute tolerance = 1e-12 | ||
set ilu preconditioner relative tolerance = 1.00 | ||
set max krylov vectors = 200 | ||
end | ||
subsection VOF | ||
set verbosity = quiet | ||
set method = gmres | ||
set max iters = 8000 | ||
set relative residual = 1e-3 | ||
set minimum residual = 1e-9 | ||
set preconditioner = ilu | ||
set ilu preconditioner fill = 0 | ||
set ilu preconditioner absolute tolerance = 1e-12 | ||
set ilu preconditioner relative tolerance = 1.00 | ||
set max krylov vectors = 200 | ||
end | ||
subsection heat transfer | ||
set verbosity = quiet | ||
set method = gmres | ||
set max iters = 8000 | ||
set relative residual = 1e-3 | ||
set minimum residual = 1e-9 | ||
set preconditioner = ilu | ||
set ilu preconditioner fill = 0 | ||
set ilu preconditioner absolute tolerance = 1e-12 | ||
set ilu preconditioner relative tolerance = 1.00 | ||
set max krylov vectors = 200 | ||
end | ||
end |
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applications_tests/lethe-fluid/solid_thermocapillary_droplet.output
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Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
---|---|---|
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ | ||
Running on 1 MPI rank(s)... | ||
Number of active cells: 4096 | ||
Number of degrees of freedom: 12675 | ||
Volume of triangulation: 36 | ||
Number of thermal degrees of freedom: 4225 | ||
Number of VOF degrees of freedom: 4225 | ||
|
||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.000000 -0.000000 -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 | ||
|
||
******************************************************************************* | ||
Transient iteration: 1 Time: 0.005 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0 | ||
******************************************************************************* | ||
|
||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.005000 -0.000000 -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 | ||
|
||
******************************************************************************* | ||
Transient iteration: 2 Time: 0.01 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0 | ||
******************************************************************************* | ||
|
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.010000 -0.000000 -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 | ||
|
||
******************************************************************************* | ||
Transient iteration: 3 Time: 0.015 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0 | ||
******************************************************************************* | ||
|
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.015000 -0.000000 -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 | ||
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||
******************************************************************************* | ||
Transient iteration: 4 Time: 0.02 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0 | ||
******************************************************************************* | ||
|
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.020000 -0.000000 -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 | ||
|
||
******************************************************************************* | ||
Transient iteration: 5 Time: 0.025 Time step: 0.005 CFL: 0 | ||
******************************************************************************* | ||
|
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+------------------------------------------+ | ||
| VOF Barycenter | | ||
+------------------------------------------+ | ||
time x_vof y_vof vx_vof vy_vof | ||
0.025000 -0.000000 -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 |
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