besu-eth · siladu · Dec 17, 2025 · Dec 1, 2025 · Dec 15, 2025 · Dec 17, 2025
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     - Fast Sync
 
 ### Additions and Improvements
+- Performance: Optimise EIP-196 AltBn128: EcAdd 33-128% faster, EcMul 8% faster [#9570](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/9570)
 
 ##  25.12.0
 

diff --git a/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/precompile/AbstractAltBnPrecompiledContract.java b/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/precompile/AbstractAltBnPrecompiledContract.java
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 
 import java.util.Optional;
 
-import com.sun.jna.ptr.IntByReference;
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
 import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@@ -73,6 +72,7 @@ public static boolean isNative() {
 
   private final byte operationId;
   private final int inputLimit;
+  private final int outputLength;
 
   /**
    * Instantiates a new Abstract alt bn precompiled contract.
@@ -81,15 +81,18 @@ public static boolean isNative() {
    * @param gasCalculator the gas calculator
    * @param operationId the operation id
    * @param inputLen the input len
+   * @param outputLen the output len
    */
   AbstractAltBnPrecompiledContract(
       final String name,
       final GasCalculator gasCalculator,
       final byte operationId,
-      final int inputLen) {
+      final int inputLen,
+      final int outputLen) {
     super(name, gasCalculator);
     this.operationId = operationId;
     this.inputLimit = inputLen + 1;
+    this.outputLength = outputLen;
 
     if (!LibGnarkEIP196.ENABLED) {
       LOG.info("Native alt bn128 not available");
@@ -107,29 +110,17 @@ public static boolean isNative() {
   public PrecompileContractResult computeNative(
       final @NotNull Bytes input, final MessageFrame messageFrame) {
     final byte[] result = new byte[LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_PREALLOCATE_FOR_RESULT_BYTES];
-    final byte[] error = new byte[LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_PREALLOCATE_FOR_ERROR_BYTES];
 
-    final IntByReference o_len =
-        new IntByReference(LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_PREALLOCATE_FOR_RESULT_BYTES);
-    final IntByReference err_len =
-        new IntByReference(LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_PREALLOCATE_FOR_ERROR_BYTES);
     final int inputSize = Math.min(inputLimit, input.size());
     final int errorNo =
         LibGnarkEIP196.eip196_perform_operation(
-            operationId,
-            input.slice(0, inputSize).toArrayUnsafe(),
-            inputSize,
-            result,
-            o_len,
-            error,
-            err_len);
-
-    if (errorNo == 0) {
-      return PrecompileContractResult.success(Bytes.wrap(result, 0, o_len.getValue()));
+            operationId, input.slice(0, inputSize).toArrayUnsafe(), inputSize, result);
+
+    if (errorNo == LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_ERR_CODE_SUCCESS) {
+      return PrecompileContractResult.success(Bytes.wrap(result, 0, outputLength));
     } else {
-      final String errorString = new String(error, 0, err_len.getValue(), UTF_8);
-      messageFrame.setRevertReason(Bytes.wrap(error, 0, err_len.getValue()));
-      LOG.trace("Error executing precompiled contract {}: '{}'", getName(), errorString);
+      messageFrame.setRevertReason(Bytes.wrap("error".getBytes(UTF_8)));
+      LOG.debug("Error executing precompiled contract {}: '{}'", getName(), errorNo);
       return PrecompileContractResult.halt(
           null, Optional.of(ExceptionalHaltReason.PRECOMPILE_ERROR));
     }

diff --git a/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/precompile/AltBN128AddPrecompiledContract.java b/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/precompile/AltBN128AddPrecompiledContract.java
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ public class AltBN128AddPrecompiledContract extends AbstractAltBnPrecompiledCont
         PRECOMPILE_NAME,
         gasCalculator,
         LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_ADD_OPERATION_RAW_VALUE,
-        PARAMETER_LENGTH);
+        PARAMETER_LENGTH,
+        LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_PREALLOCATE_FOR_RESULT_BYTES);
     this.gasCost = gasCost;
   }
 

diff --git a/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/precompile/AltBN128MulPrecompiledContract.java b/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/precompile/AltBN128MulPrecompiledContract.java
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ public class AltBN128MulPrecompiledContract extends AbstractAltBnPrecompiledCont
         PRECOMPILE_NAME,
         gasCalculator,
         LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_MUL_OPERATION_RAW_VALUE,
-        PARAMETER_LENGTH);
+        PARAMETER_LENGTH,
+        LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_PREALLOCATE_FOR_RESULT_BYTES);
     this.gasCost = gasCost;
   }
 

diff --git a/...src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/precompile/AltBN128PairingPrecompiledContract.java b/...src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/precompile/AltBN128PairingPrecompiledContract.java
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ public class AltBN128PairingPrecompiledContract extends AbstractAltBnPrecompiled
         PRECOMPILE_NAME,
         gasCalculator,
         LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_PAIR_OPERATION_RAW_VALUE,
-        Integer.MAX_VALUE / PARAMETER_LENGTH * PARAMETER_LENGTH);
+        (Integer.MAX_VALUE / PARAMETER_LENGTH)
+            * PARAMETER_LENGTH, // round down to nearest multiple of 192
+        LibGnarkEIP196.EIP196_PAIR_PREALLOCATE_FOR_RESULT_BYTES);
     this.pairingGasCost = pairingGasCost;
     this.baseGasCost = baseGasCost;
   }

diff --git a/gradle/verification-metadata.xml b/gradle/verification-metadata.xml
@@ -4821,20 +4821,12 @@
             <sha256 value="e08aed198642584fe427117f1183f5304071accc91cc91631ff6ada2478d2a86" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="arithmetic" version="1.4.0">
-         <artifact name="arithmetic-1.4.0.jar">
-            <sha256 value="8baeea1b1607e39f8d4e36083649b0779aa0dfef6eb507df22ca406127ded122" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="arithmetic" version="1.4.2">
+         <artifact name="arithmetic-1.4.2.jar">
+            <sha256 value="51dd399389e21db56934340da5429413500769f5f84c6396482deb39798ac484" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
-         <artifact name="arithmetic-1.4.0.module">
-            <sha256 value="40685d42666e483702815970df430831e0275333678aef745ab41e2781dd10f1" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-      </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="arithmetic" version="1.4.1">
-         <artifact name="arithmetic-1.4.1.jar">
-            <sha256 value="475c3439f240dd25e470c24ae57bc24e0911856e9d8073184f7c863c9631dacd" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-         <artifact name="arithmetic-1.4.1.module">
-            <sha256 value="67677f0f55315248ea24e1758619dd0b4cc631ab5d9608de67681877f43227eb" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+         <artifact name="arithmetic-1.4.2.module">
+            <sha256 value="745528cd3a78e97b5321544abd6a16f84851345e538da045c640f1bd01e2f87f" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
       <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="besu-errorprone-checks" version="1.2.0">
@@ -4845,116 +4837,60 @@
             <sha256 value="ae7814672b6bb56ac51c9e9b6b45cda1055170245df5f5ff94482efb25c35e70" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="besu-native-common" version="1.4.0">
-         <artifact name="besu-native-common-1.4.0.jar">
-            <sha256 value="3838f8caecbb446095ca107574c99d9e253aca8b5fb5185f8f978c9139f9d956" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-         <artifact name="besu-native-common-1.4.0.module">
-            <sha256 value="f8e58c39a53d91c565d37f4843805221b36c69525d23c63251a5c3bb1b6f4fc5" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-      </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="besu-native-common" version="1.4.1">
-         <artifact name="besu-native-common-1.4.1.jar">
-            <sha256 value="d4c51b6c86a553ff355fc47e70da7661df77498efcd76894727f613a7b18187d" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-         <artifact name="besu-native-common-1.4.1.module">
-            <sha256 value="8c356a35a5f76b217d8f03f2aa4d2e72f330244a3286dd05cbb4b9d75a2da249" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-      </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="blake2bf" version="1.4.0">
-         <artifact name="blake2bf-1.4.0.jar">
-            <sha256 value="0c4a3f8d0623b03895bc99790c8eba365cd782061c2a77b0f28252b0db0a8c4d" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-         <artifact name="blake2bf-1.4.0.module">
-            <sha256 value="9a7a2ce9292bb9a322c3dc7f710081c20f2bc9222acd71f430a5820fbfee0df0" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-      </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="blake2bf" version="1.4.1">
-         <artifact name="blake2bf-1.4.1.jar">
-            <sha256 value="7bbcf3424863180e9e00518f8d792b553ab85ad4ddf0ddcc256dcdc8205dd011" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-         <artifact name="blake2bf-1.4.1.module">
-            <sha256 value="38e0d77f07a4d81a035816a234aae4da9f93f1c82c577512bb4e060a16f09940" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-      </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="boringssl" version="1.4.0">
-         <artifact name="boringssl-1.4.0.jar">
-            <sha256 value="6158e05b382f99e92ad40e5516e9f28fbd788b8fe8d3d27ca29aaee95ed228ae" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-         <artifact name="boringssl-1.4.0.module">
-            <sha256 value="d8507c494023f0834f8e2f5806f36fb2bd72c1b141e3cc6a9893842f52e308cb" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-      </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="boringssl" version="1.4.1">
-         <artifact name="boringssl-1.4.1.jar">
-            <sha256 value="0d12535b07d383557891121733e98d09dced71b921df31775ff51d4308a0dbb6" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-         <artifact name="boringssl-1.4.1.module">
-            <sha256 value="bf35aa4d3ff8a491a35fa67b1b08d447e5e6dd3362051eb56b965b9ed65506e5" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-      </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="gnark" version="1.4.0">
-         <artifact name="gnark-1.4.0.jar">
-            <sha256 value="9a1c06d7acfcbcb6cd514c3f2877c3f5d638569203e5e9210e4b154744bd10c5" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-         <artifact name="gnark-1.4.0.module">
-            <sha256 value="7299a9eefa4ec0366d1b565c86ea97b387fdd91e6c33531efc30a8d892179f2c" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
-         </artifact>
-      </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="gnark" version="1.4.1">
-         <artifact name="gnark-1.4.1.jar">
-            <sha256 value="271f7a83c11cec285b937bf790768d72978be2b6b11b96e950ad0a1453f4d5ba" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="besu-native-common" version="1.4.2">
+         <artifact name="besu-native-common-1.4.2.jar">
+            <sha256 value="a80889c7bdf2c7e033c076b66d9e9a7fd0e6b509c45673739ac5060fbbfe9e9d" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
-         <artifact name="gnark-1.4.1.module">
-            <sha256 value="6f9912d83f2f628f604b96751f718b2ee3f24fbe3ae03edb54aef800978ce7ff" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+         <artifact name="besu-native-common-1.4.2.module">
+            <sha256 value="bd0ace4dbad0beee3c23ad168ac96e8f6752332d6557f5fe31a40a056dc6923f" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="ipa-multipoint" version="1.4.0">
-         <artifact name="ipa-multipoint-1.4.0.jar">
-            <sha256 value="86ad3be69194d3188597c80e8f14ad87018495c8dfadc812e62ec9a69098b195" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="blake2bf" version="1.4.2">
+         <artifact name="blake2bf-1.4.2.jar">
+            <sha256 value="bbdf68450ef7255349dcc539a7e67dafddfb064c11e07ed7912f81200c234a75" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
-         <artifact name="ipa-multipoint-1.4.0.module">
-            <sha256 value="2418a8b20479b76cca7a05e1f514273be0622979aa0b1f9b5f7a6764c365a0c9" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+         <artifact name="blake2bf-1.4.2.module">
+            <sha256 value="561ff83bb7e010416933d1902c7332c7bd00ebb11a27bce8e36dcfa5363bdaab" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="ipa-multipoint" version="1.4.1">
-         <artifact name="ipa-multipoint-1.4.1.jar">
-            <sha256 value="42bee3c5cc282dfa9191197b812529dc047b43c77f199a9b728caf602b2fcf08" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="boringssl" version="1.4.2">
+         <artifact name="boringssl-1.4.2.jar">
+            <sha256 value="1c9b8495d7b1f048590a1bc1824f51970272cb2b90a0b858314603d593b4d321" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
-         <artifact name="ipa-multipoint-1.4.1.module">
-            <sha256 value="6719ddc248218cfe6020d32077dd37758c40583ad6ea1cad0606dabdc6a6a2e6" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+         <artifact name="boringssl-1.4.2.module">
+            <sha256 value="fd2e99bd5252de153940d0263527c03896c9bc4deb8e2d0bef0ac609084de83c" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="secp256k1" version="1.4.0">
-         <artifact name="secp256k1-1.4.0.jar">
-            <sha256 value="d960081703806441453585eff9441962279f52861484c9827af33fb9e6bd3e3e" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="gnark" version="1.4.2">
+         <artifact name="gnark-1.4.2.jar">
+            <sha256 value="2be191d83fba5b242361a44629ebaeaca979fd61132543a5b70ca6e2e3ef7d2a" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
-         <artifact name="secp256k1-1.4.0.module">
-            <sha256 value="67b112419d4e053e9ad42bc3e165546af87411c7d4b8d770b6b9e5b984bcaa5b" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+         <artifact name="gnark-1.4.2.module">
+            <sha256 value="10c4b531782e4c20c362e0c65a77db08cf2ebc54cfdcf1aa61ffb9ec355e29e4" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="secp256k1" version="1.4.1">
-         <artifact name="secp256k1-1.4.1.jar">
-            <sha256 value="4d61cb2ae93214c07a8731e6c5508c09c41e81eda273167794bfdc013844ffdc" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="ipa-multipoint" version="1.4.2">
+         <artifact name="ipa-multipoint-1.4.2.jar">
+            <sha256 value="9e7caf0a0c9f87bb94c0baa591c9c4043924d96ee1479e0657967708d98ee58c" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
-         <artifact name="secp256k1-1.4.1.module">
-            <sha256 value="caef91435fe17d97c747c311efc228c060a6bf26e236b812437c82144bcfa5d9" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+         <artifact name="ipa-multipoint-1.4.2.module">
+            <sha256 value="62dc3bb4296110dfc74c0635412135574cdc0745ffe66e8bc739c7d3a61d3d20" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="secp256r1" version="1.4.0">
-         <artifact name="secp256r1-1.4.0.jar">
-            <sha256 value="5145b0f7a6a799740db476a715a132d7708e35bd675f62c0cc7627e2782db48a" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="secp256k1" version="1.4.2">
+         <artifact name="secp256k1-1.4.2.jar">
+            <sha256 value="665b03c7983c4d60a05edac24b5dc71012b23d356456804b14654298ee7b4342" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
-         <artifact name="secp256r1-1.4.0.module">
-            <sha256 value="672b07fa29953a039e67010b956330aeb6c5af4c3552c3999a3ea1df66877b59" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+         <artifact name="secp256k1-1.4.2.module">
+            <sha256 value="0fddd001a3ed3af16124f88d247cbcaf7963e3bc3c53d9bd430298713f8a2dbd" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
-      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="secp256r1" version="1.4.1">
-         <artifact name="secp256r1-1.4.1.jar">
-            <sha256 value="81c6ed6bc37ae02f81b8d94aee3cad0650bc0bb7d05fd45a504103850a7e64ba" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+      <component group="org.hyperledger.besu" name="secp256r1" version="1.4.2">
+         <artifact name="secp256r1-1.4.2.jar">
+            <sha256 value="f0c1c23c5794caf618cbef08db04d9e5ebe62f56007d0571edd32c53ee0943f4" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
-         <artifact name="secp256r1-1.4.1.module">
-            <sha256 value="58f75e18efc25dde02efed4f47761365279d806337484f803c805fcf6fce8ff7" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
+         <artifact name="secp256r1-1.4.2.module">
+            <sha256 value="11d954042988a1a82e8c50a34bce7ec5605bb8c68da5885be9d11b1a09480704" origin="Generated by Gradle"/>
          </artifact>
       </component>
       <component group="org.immutables" name="bom" version="2.10.1">

diff --git a/platform/build.gradle b/platform/build.gradle
@@ -145,15 +145,14 @@ dependencies {
 
     api 'org.hibernate.validator:hibernate-validator:8.0.2.Final'
 
-    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:besu-native-common:1.4.1'
-    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:arithmetic:1.4.1'
-    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:blake2bf:1.4.1'
-    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:gnark:1.4.1'
-    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:ipa-multipoint:1.4.1'
-    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:secp256k1:1.4.1'
-    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:secp256r1:1.4.1'
-    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:boringssl:1.4.1'
-
+    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:besu-native-common:1.4.2'
+    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:arithmetic:1.4.2'
+    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:blake2bf:1.4.2'
+    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:gnark:1.4.2'
+    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:ipa-multipoint:1.4.2'
+    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:secp256k1:1.4.2'
+    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:secp256r1:1.4.2'
+    api 'org.hyperledger.besu:boringssl:1.4.2'
     api 'org.hyperledger.besu:besu-errorprone-checks:1.2.0'
 
     api 'org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.8.12'