Add SDIV, MOD, SMOD, ADDMOD, EXP and SIGNEXTEND operations for EVM v2

[parthdagia05]

PR description

Continues the EVM v2 implementation started in #10105 and follows the pattern established in #10154 and #10171.
This PR adds the remaining arithmetic opcodes to the EVM v2 long[]-based stack: SDIV (0x05), MOD (0x06), SMOD (0x07), ADDMOD (0x08), EXP (0x0a), and SIGNEXTEND (0x0b).

Changes

• Implement SDIV (0x05), MOD (0x06), SMOD (0x07), ADDMOD (0x08), EXP (0x0a), and SIGNEXTEND (0x0b) opcodes for the EVM v2 long[]-based stack, with zero heap allocation on the hot path
• Add SDivOperationV2, ModOperationV2, SModOperationV2, AddModOperationV2, ExpOperationV2, and SignExtendOperationV2 operation classes utilizing UInt256 for 256-bit arithmetic directly on the flat long[] operand stack
• Add TernaryOperationBenchmarkV2 base class for benchmarking ternary operations (3 inputs → 1 output)
• Add JMH benchmarks for all six operations

Benchmarks

Baseline (v1 on main)

Benchmark (caseName) Mode Cnt Score Error Units
SDivOperationBenchmark.executeOperation SDIV_FULL_RANDOM avgt 15 114.672 ± 2.897 ns/op
ModOperationBenchmark.executeOperation FULL_RANDOM avgt 15 107.074 ± 6.765 ns/op
SModOperationBenchmark.executeOperation FULL_RANDOM avgt 15 127.728 ± 12.489 ns/op
AddModOperationBenchmark.executeOperation FULL_RANDOM avgt 15 156.767 ± 16.190 ns/op
ExpOperationBenchmark.executeOperation N/A avgt 15 10313.733 ± 1294.918 ns/op
SignExtendOperationBenchmark.executeOperation N/A avgt 15 70.865 ± 6.442 ns/op

With this PR (v2)

Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
SDivOperationBenchmarkV2.executeOperation avgt 15 64.162 ± 4.224 ns/op
ModOperationBenchmarkV2.executeOperation avgt 15 64.207 ± 8.703 ns/op
SModOperationBenchmarkV2.executeOperation avgt 15 68.933 ± 3.234 ns/op
AddModOperationBenchmarkV2.executeOperation avgt 15 116.354 ± 32.339 ns/op
ExpOperationBenchmarkV2.executeOperation avgt 15 8557.310 ± 768.777 ns/op
SignExtendOperationBenchmarkV2.executeOperation avgt 15 24.186 ± 2.781 ns/op

Summary

Operation	v1 (ns/op)	v2 (ns/op)	Speedup
SDIV	114.672	64.162	~1.8x faster
MOD	107.074	64.207	~1.7x faster
SMOD	127.728	68.933	~1.9x faster
ADDMOD	156.767	116.354	~1.3x faster
EXP	10313.733	8557.310	~1.2x faster
SIGNEXTEND	70.865	24.186	~2.9x faster

Fixed Issue(s)

fixes #10131

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• Checked out our contribution guidelines?
• Considered documentation and added the doc-change-required label to this PR if updates are required.
• Considered the changelog and included an update if required.
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Locally, you can run these tests to catch failures early:

• spotless: ./gradlew spotlessApply
• unit tests: ./gradlew build
• acceptance tests: ./gradlew acceptanceTest
• integration tests: ./gradlew integrationTest
• reference tests: ./gradlew ethereum:referenceTests:referenceTests
• hive tests: Engine or other RPCs modified?