Implement BIO_puts and add callback function support to BIO_puts,gets,ctrl

[kexgaber]

Issues:

CryptoAlg-2463

Description of changes:

Currently, BIO_puts delegates to the public BIO_write API, which may result in unexpected behavior should applications rely on them being distinguishable (e.g., if a callback has certain logic for when write is called versus when puts is called). This change implements BIO_puts as its own function should this method be defined in the application, otherwise, it defaults to calling the "write" function of the type of BIO instantiated.

This also expands on the work done in commit 5131684 to add support for callback_exs in BIO_puts, BIO_gets, and BIO_ctrl. If no custom callback_ex function is defined, the default behavior remains unchanged.

Call-outs:

N/A

Testing:

• A custom BIO is defined to test cases where BIO_puts is defined
• Additional test cases were added which use a mock callback created in previous testing to test the added callback functionality of BIO_gets, BIO_puts, and BIO_ctrl

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license and the ISC license.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 90.54054% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.30%. Comparing base (2fb00e7) to head (7d39eff).

Files	Patch %	Lines
crypto/bio/bio.c	82.50%	7 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1721   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   78.29%   78.30%           
=======================================
  Files         580      580           
  Lines       96552    96618   +66     
  Branches    13838    13850   +12     
=======================================
+ Hits        75598    75654   +56     
- Misses      20341    20349    +8     
- Partials      613      615    +2     

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