Add experimental support to dbt Fusion

[tatiana]

Context

dbt Labs launched dbt Fusion on 28 May 2025. It is a unified approach that aims to merge dbt Core and dbt Cloud features
via a completely new CLI, implemented in a different programming
language (Rust, as opposed to Python). As part of this, dbt Labs are
rewriting all dbt
adaptors
(equivalent to Airflow providers) in Rust, starting from Snowflake. They
are also changing the licensing model to a hybrid Open-Source and
commercial license, which has implications for Cosmos. Among the
advantages of using dbtFusion is a significant performance improvement
(claimed to be 30x, for some models) and AI features.

This PR adds initial support for running dbt Fusion with Cosmos when
using ExectionMode.LOCAL.

We do not have a solution for using ExecutionMode.AIRFLOW_ASYNC
(https://astronomer.github.io/astronomer-cosmos/getting_started/execution-modes.html#airflow-async).

Since dbt Fusion exposes itself both as dbt (like dbt-core) and
optionally as dbtf, so there’s no need to change the default binary references in Cosmos.

The documentation for this feature is being proposed in a separate PR:
#1824

How to use

1. Install dbt Fusion in your Airflow deployment

End-users should install the dbt Fusion package themselves. An example
of how to do this in Astro would be to add the following lines in your
Dockerfile:

USER root
RUN apt install -y curl
RUN curl -fsSL https://public.cdn.getdbt.com/fs/install/install.sh | sh -s -- --update

2. Update your DbtDag or DbtTaskGroup to use the dbt Fusion binary

Example:

DbtDag(
    ...,
    execution_config=ExecutionConfig(
        dbt_executable_path="/home/astro/.local/bin/dbt"
    )
)

Closes: #1792

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[tatiana]

Thank you a lot for the feedback, @RRDTIL. I'm glad to hear it worked out.

Please, could you confirm if there are still any issues with the docs?

Please, do let us know if you have any feedback on 1.11.0a1!

[RRDTIL]

@tatiana

Please, could you confirm if there are still any issues with the docs?

Problem solved, the documentation renders perfectly !

Please, do let us know if you have any feedback on 1.11.0a1!

I'll do it as soon as I can, but at the speed you're going, I won't have time to test the pre-release before you've already published a release 😆