[ty] Fix subtyping of invariant generics specialized with Any

[AlexWaygood]

Summary

Currently we consider list[Any] a subtype of list[Any]. But we shouldn't, for the same reason that we shouldn't consider Any a subtype of Any: the two Anys might materialize to different types.

The reason why we make this mistake on main is that we (correctly) consider list[Any] to be equivalent to list[Any], but then incorrectly assume that if T is equivalent to S then T will necessarily be a subtype of S.

Test Plan

• Added mdtests that fail on main.
• Ran QUICKCHECK_TESTS=1000000 cargo test --release -p ty_python_semantic -- --ignored types::property_tests::stable

[github-actions]

Diagnostic diff on typing conformance tests

No changes detected when running ty on typing conformance tests ✅

[github-actions]

mypy_primer results

Changes were detected when running on open source projects

mongo-python-driver (https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-python-driver)
- bson/json_util.py:1015:9: error[invalid-assignment] Method `__setitem__` of type `bound method dict[int, (Any, JSONOptions, /) -> Any].__setitem__(key: int, value: (Any, JSONOptions, /) -> Any, /) -> None` cannot be called with a key of type `object` and a value of type `((Any, JSONOptions, /) -> Any) | ((obj: Any, dummy0: Any) -> Any) | ((obj: Binary, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: datetime, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: Any, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: int | float, json_options: JSONOptions) -> Any) | ((obj: int, json_options: JSONOptions) -> Any) | ((obj: UUID, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: Int64, json_options: JSONOptions) -> Any) | ((obj: Code, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: DBRef, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((dummy0: Any, dummy1: Any) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: ObjectId, dummy0: Any) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: Timestamp, dummy0: Any) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown])` on object of type `dict[int, (Any, JSONOptions, /) -> Any]`
+ bson/json_util.py:1015:9: error[invalid-assignment] Method `__setitem__` of type `bound method dict[int, (Any, JSONOptions, /) -> Any].__setitem__(key: int, value: (Any, JSONOptions, /) -> Any, /) -> None` cannot be called with a key of type `object` and a value of type `((Any, JSONOptions, /) -> Any) | ((obj: Any, dummy0: Any) -> Any) | ((obj: bytes, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: datetime, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: Any, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: int | float, json_options: JSONOptions) -> Any) | ((obj: int, json_options: JSONOptions) -> Any) | ((obj: UUID, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: Binary, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: Int64, json_options: JSONOptions) -> Any) | ((obj: Code, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: DBRef, json_options: JSONOptions) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((dummy0: Any, dummy1: Any) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: ObjectId, dummy0: Any) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown]) | ((obj: Timestamp, dummy0: Any) -> dict[Unknown, Unknown])` on object of type `dict[int, (Any, JSONOptions, /) -> Any]`

static-frame (https://github.com/static-frame/static-frame)
- static_frame/test/property/strategies.py:927:17: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `get_index_hierarchy` is incorrect: Expected `(...) -> IndexHierarchy`, found `bound method type[Index[Any]].from_labels(labels: Iterable[Unknown], *, /, name: Unknown = None) -> Index[Any]`
+ static_frame/test/property/strategies.py:927:17: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `get_index_hierarchy` is incorrect: Expected `(...) -> IndexHierarchy`, found `(bound method type[Index[Any]].from_labels(labels: Iterable[Unknown], *, /, name: Unknown = None) -> Index[Any]) | (bound method <class 'Index'>.from_labels(labels: Iterable[Unknown], *, /, name: Unknown = None) -> Index[Any])`

jax (https://github.com/google/jax)
- jax/_src/interpreters/partial_eval.py:2513:15: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `frame` on type `Trace[Unknown] | Unknown` may be missing
+ jax/_src/interpreters/partial_eval.py:2513:15: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `frame` on type `Trace[Unknown] | Unknown | DynamicJaxprTrace` may be missing

No memory usage changes detected ✅

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed WallTime Performance Report

Merging #20650 will improve performances by 68.52%

_{Comparing alex/non-fully-static-subtyping (e790951) with main (d9473a2)}

Summary

⚡ 1 improvement
✅ 7 untouched

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Change
⚡	small[freqtrade]	9.2 s	5.5 s	+68.52%