[flake8-bandit]: Implement S610 rule (#10316)

Part of #1646.

## Summary

Implement `S610` rule from `flake8-bandit`. 

Upstream references:
- Implementation:
https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit/blob/1.7.8/bandit/plugins/django_sql_injection.py#L20-L97
- Test cases:
https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit/blob/1.7.8/examples/django_sql_injection_extra.py
- Test assertion:
https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit/blob/1.7.8/tests/functional/test_functional.py#L517-L524

The implementation in `bandit` targets additional arguments (`params`,
`order_by` and `select_params`) but doesn't seem to do anything with
them in the end, so I did not include them in the implementation.

Note that this rule could be prone to false positives, as ideally we
would want to check if `extra()` is tied to a [Django
queryset](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/models/querysets/),
but AFAIK Ruff is not able to resolve classes outside of the current
module.

## Test Plan

Snapshot tests

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_bandit/S610.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+
+# Errors
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(dict(could_be='insecure'))
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select=dict(could_be='insecure'))
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '%secure' % 'nos'})
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '{}secure'.format('nos')})
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['%secure' % 'nos'])
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['{}secure'.format('no')])
+
+query = '"username") AS "username", * FROM "auth_user" WHERE 1=1 OR "username"=? --'
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': query})
+
+where_var = ['1=1) OR 1=1 AND (1=1']
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=where_var)
+
+where_str = '1=1) OR 1=1 AND (1=1'
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=[where_str])
+
+tables_var = ['django_content_type" WHERE "auth_user"."username"="admin']
+User.objects.all().extra(tables=tables_var).distinct()
+
+tables_str = 'django_content_type" WHERE "auth_user"."username"="admin'
+User.objects.all().extra(tables=[tables_str]).distinct()
+
+# OK
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(
+    select={'test': 'secure'},
+    where=['secure'],
+    tables=['secure']
+)
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra({'test': 'secure'})
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': 'secure'})
+User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['secure'])

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -632,6 +632,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             ]) {
                 flake8_bandit::rules::shell_injection(checker, call);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::DjangoExtra) {
+                flake8_bandit::rules::django_extra(checker, call);
+            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::DjangoRawSql) {
                 flake8_bandit::rules::django_raw_sql(checker, call);
             }

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -680,6 +680,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Flake8Bandit, "607") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::flake8_bandit::rules::StartProcessWithPartialPath),
         (Flake8Bandit, "608") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::flake8_bandit::rules::HardcodedSQLExpression),
         (Flake8Bandit, "609") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::flake8_bandit::rules::UnixCommandWildcardInjection),
+        (Flake8Bandit, "610") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::flake8_bandit::rules::DjangoExtra),
         (Flake8Bandit, "611") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::flake8_bandit::rules::DjangoRawSql),
         (Flake8Bandit, "612") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::flake8_bandit::rules::LoggingConfigInsecureListen),
         (Flake8Bandit, "701") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::flake8_bandit::rules::Jinja2AutoescapeFalse),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/mod.rs

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test_case(Rule::UnixCommandWildcardInjection, Path::new("S609.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::UnsafeYAMLLoad, Path::new("S506.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::WeakCryptographicKey, Path::new("S505.py"))]
+    #[test_case(Rule::DjangoExtra, Path::new("S610.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::DjangoRawSql, Path::new("S611.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::TarfileUnsafeMembers, Path::new("S202.py"))]
     fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/django_extra.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, ExprAttribute, ExprDict, ExprList};
+use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
+
+use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for uses of Django's `extra` function.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// Django's `extra` function can be used to execute arbitrary SQL queries,
+/// which can in turn lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// ```python
+/// from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+///
+/// User.objects.all().extra(select={"test": "%secure" % "nos"})
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## References
+/// - [Django documentation: SQL injection protection](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/security/#sql-injection-protection)
+/// - [Common Weakness Enumeration: CWE-89](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/89.html)
+#[violation]
+pub struct DjangoExtra;
+
+impl Violation for DjangoExtra {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities")
+    }
+}
+
+/// S610
+pub(crate) fn django_extra(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
+    let Expr::Attribute(ExprAttribute { attr, .. }) = call.func.as_ref() else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    if attr.as_str() != "extra" {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if is_call_insecure(call) {
+        checker
+            .diagnostics
+            .push(Diagnostic::new(DjangoExtra, call.arguments.range()));
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_call_insecure(call: &ast::ExprCall) -> bool {
+    for (argument_name, position) in [("select", 0), ("where", 1), ("tables", 3)] {
+        if let Some(argument) = call.arguments.find_argument(argument_name, position) {
+            match argument_name {
+                "select" => match argument {
+                    Expr::Dict(ExprDict { keys, values, .. }) => {
+                        if !keys.iter().flatten().all(Expr::is_string_literal_expr) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        if !values.iter().all(Expr::is_string_literal_expr) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => return true,
+                },
+                "where" | "tables" => match argument {
+                    Expr::List(ExprList { elts, .. }) => {
+                        if !elts.iter().all(Expr::is_string_literal_expr) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => return true,
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    false
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pub(crate) use assert_used::*;
 pub(crate) use bad_file_permissions::*;
+pub(crate) use django_extra::*;
 pub(crate) use django_raw_sql::*;
 pub(crate) use exec_used::*;
 pub(crate) use flask_debug_true::*;
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ pub(crate) use weak_cryptographic_key::*;
 
 mod assert_used;
 mod bad_file_permissions;
+mod django_extra;
 mod django_raw_sql;
 mod exec_used;
 mod flask_debug_true;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_bandit__tests__S610_S610.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/mod.rs
+---
+S610.py:4:44: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+  |
+3 | # Errors
+4 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(dict(could_be='insecure'))
+  |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+5 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select=dict(could_be='insecure'))
+6 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '%secure' % 'nos'})
+  |
+
+S610.py:5:44: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+  |
+3 | # Errors
+4 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(dict(could_be='insecure'))
+5 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select=dict(could_be='insecure'))
+  |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+6 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '%secure' % 'nos'})
+7 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '{}secure'.format('nos')})
+  |
+
+S610.py:6:44: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+  |
+4 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(dict(could_be='insecure'))
+5 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select=dict(could_be='insecure'))
+6 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '%secure' % 'nos'})
+  |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+7 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '{}secure'.format('nos')})
+8 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['%secure' % 'nos'])
+  |
+
+S610.py:7:44: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+  |
+5 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select=dict(could_be='insecure'))
+6 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '%secure' % 'nos'})
+7 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '{}secure'.format('nos')})
+  |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+8 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['%secure' % 'nos'])
+9 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['{}secure'.format('no')])
+  |
+
+S610.py:8:44: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+  |
+6 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '%secure' % 'nos'})
+7 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '{}secure'.format('nos')})
+8 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['%secure' % 'nos'])
+  |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+9 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['{}secure'.format('no')])
+  |
+
+S610.py:9:44: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+   |
+ 7 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': '{}secure'.format('nos')})
+ 8 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['%secure' % 'nos'])
+ 9 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=['{}secure'.format('no')])
+   |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+10 | 
+11 | query = '"username") AS "username", * FROM "auth_user" WHERE 1=1 OR "username"=? --'
+   |
+
+S610.py:12:44: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+   |
+11 | query = '"username") AS "username", * FROM "auth_user" WHERE 1=1 OR "username"=? --'
+12 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(select={'test': query})
+   |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+13 | 
+14 | where_var = ['1=1) OR 1=1 AND (1=1']
+   |
+
+S610.py:15:44: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+   |
+14 | where_var = ['1=1) OR 1=1 AND (1=1']
+15 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=where_var)
+   |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+16 | 
+17 | where_str = '1=1) OR 1=1 AND (1=1'
+   |
+
+S610.py:18:44: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+   |
+17 | where_str = '1=1) OR 1=1 AND (1=1'
+18 | User.objects.filter(username='admin').extra(where=[where_str])
+   |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+19 | 
+20 | tables_var = ['django_content_type" WHERE "auth_user"."username"="admin']
+   |
+
+S610.py:21:25: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+   |
+20 | tables_var = ['django_content_type" WHERE "auth_user"."username"="admin']
+21 | User.objects.all().extra(tables=tables_var).distinct()
+   |                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+22 | 
+23 | tables_str = 'django_content_type" WHERE "auth_user"."username"="admin'
+   |
+
+S610.py:24:25: S610 Use of Django `extra` can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities
+   |
+23 | tables_str = 'django_content_type" WHERE "auth_user"."username"="admin'
+24 | User.objects.all().extra(tables=[tables_str]).distinct()
+   |                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S610
+25 | 
+26 | # OK
+   |