[SPARK-47572][SQL] Enforce Window partitionSpec is orderable.

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/CheckAnalysis.scala

@@ -537,6 +537,19 @@ trait CheckAnalysis extends PredicateHelper with LookupCatalog with QueryErrorsB
               }
             }
 
+          case Window(_, partitionSpec, _, _) =>
+            // Both `partitionSpec` and `orderSpec` must be orderable. We only need an extra check
+            // for `partitionSpec` here because `orderSpec` has the type check itself.
+            partitionSpec.foreach { p =>
+              if (!RowOrdering.isOrderable(p.dataType)) {
+                p.failAnalysis(
+                  errorClass = "EXPRESSION_TYPE_IS_NOT_ORDERABLE",
+                  messageParameters = Map(
+                    "expr" -> toSQLExpr(p),
+                    "exprType" -> toSQLType(p.dataType)))
+              }
+            }
+
           case GlobalLimit(limitExpr, _) => checkLimitLikeClause("limit", limitExpr)
 
           case LocalLimit(limitExpr, child) =>

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/AnalysisErrorSuite.scala

@@ -1316,4 +1316,18 @@ class AnalysisErrorSuite extends AnalysisTest with DataTypeErrorsBase {
       )
     }
   }
+
+  errorClassTest(
+    "SPARK-47572: Enforce Window partitionSpec is orderable",
+    testRelation2.select(
+      WindowExpression(
+        new Rank(),
+        WindowSpecDefinition(
+          CreateMap(Literal("key") :: UnresolvedAttribute("a") :: Nil) :: Nil,
+          SortOrder(UnresolvedAttribute("b"), Ascending) :: Nil,
+          UnspecifiedFrame)).as("window")),
+    errorClass = "EXPRESSION_TYPE_IS_NOT_ORDERABLE",
+    messageParameters = Map(
+      "expr" -> "\"_w0\"",
+      "exprType" -> "\"MAP<STRING, STRING>\""))
 }