[SPARK-28138][SQL][TEST] Port timestamp.sql

[wangyum]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR is to port timestamp.sql from PostgreSQL regression tests. https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_BETA2/src/test/regress/sql/timestamp.sql

The expected results can be found in the link: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_BETA2/src/test/regress/expected/timestamp.out

When porting the test cases, found five PostgreSQL specific features that do not exist in Spark SQL:
SPARK-28141: Timestamp type can not accept special values
SPARK-28259: Date/Time Output Styles and Date Order Conventions
SPARK-28425: Add more Date/Time Operators
SPARK-28420: Date/Time Functions: date_part
SPARK-28137: Data Type Formatting Functions
SPARK-28432: Date/Time Functions: make_date/make_timestamp

Also, found one inconsistent behavior:
SPARK-27923: Spark SQL insert bad inputs to NULL

How was this patch tested?

N/A

[SparkQA]

Test build #107791 has finished for PR 25181 at commit c4ed0d8.

• This patch passes all tests.
• This patch merges cleanly.
• This patch adds no public classes.

[dongjoon-hyun]

Ya. I know this is to check the insertion. But, in this case, we don't need this extra one because we have line 152.

[SparkQA]

Test build #107809 has finished for PR 25181 at commit 1c507e5.

• This patch passes all tests.
• This patch merges cleanly.
• This patch adds no public classes.

[dongjoon-hyun]

+1, LGTM. Merged to master.
Thank you, @wangyum !