[SPARK-28038][SQL][TEST] Port text.sql

[wangyum]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR is to port text.sql from PostgreSQL regression tests. https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_BETA2/src/test/regress/sql/text.sql

The expected results can be found in the link: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_BETA2/src/test/regress/expected/text.out

When porting the test cases, found a PostgreSQL specific features that do not exist in Spark SQL:
SPARK-28037: Add built-in String Functions: quote_literal

Also, found three inconsistent behavior:
SPARK-27930: Spark SQL's format_string can not fully support PostgreSQL's format
SPARK-28036: Built-in udf left/right has inconsistent behavior
SPARK-28033: String concatenation should low priority than other operators

How was this patch tested?

N/A

[SparkQA]

Test build #106464 has finished for PR 24862 at commit 1068a10.

• This patch fails Spark unit tests.
• This patch merges cleanly.
• This patch adds no public classes.

[SparkQA]

Test build #107897 has finished for PR 24862 at commit 4be0f9e.

• This patch fails Spark unit tests.
• This patch merges cleanly.
• This patch adds no public classes.

[SparkQA]

Test build #107899 has finished for PR 24862 at commit c9d3d16.

• This patch passes all tests.
• This patch merges cleanly.
• This patch adds no public classes.

[dongjoon-hyun]

Retest this please.

[maropu]

FYI: If we strictly follow ANSI/SQL, we don't allow this implicit cast along with PostgresSQL.
cc: @gengliangwang

[gengliangwang]

Is this casting an integer to string? If yes, I think it is allowed in ANSI SQL and up-cast.

[maropu]

nit: duplicate test

[wangyum]

Update it to select 'four: ' || 2+2;?

https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_BETA2/src/test/regress/sql/text.sql#L25-L26

[maropu]

Why did you comment out this? (I just want to check current output...)

[wangyum]

Because of ANSI mode:

spark-sql> select left('12345', 2);
12
spark-sql> set spark.sql.parser.ansi.enabled=true;
spark.sql.parser.ansi.enabled	true
spark-sql> select left('12345', 2);
Error in query:
no viable alternative at input 'left'(line 1, pos 7)

== SQL ==
select left('12345', 2)
-------^^^

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-28479

The output if disable ANSI mode:

Spark SQL:

spark-sql> select i, left('ahoj', i), right('ahoj', i) from range(-5, 6) t(i) order by i;
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1	a	j
2	ah	oj
3	aho	hoj
4	ahoj	ahoj
5	ahoj	ahoj

PostgreSQL:

postgres=# select i, left('ahoj', i), right('ahoj', i) from generate_series(-5, 5) t(i) order by i;
 i  | left | right
----+------+-------
 -5 |      |
 -4 |      |
 -3 | a    | j
 -2 | ah   | oj
 -1 | aho  | hoj
  0 |      |
  1 | a    | j
  2 | ah   | oj
  3 | aho  | hoj
  4 | ahoj | ahoj
  5 | ahoj | ahoj
(11 rows)

[maropu]

Ah, I see. Can you turn temporarily off the mode for the query here?

[wangyum]

Done

[SparkQA]

Test build #108355 has finished for PR 24862 at commit c9d3d16.

• This patch passes all tests.
• This patch merges cleanly.
• This patch adds no public classes.

[SparkQA]

Test build #108382 has finished for PR 24862 at commit 10204c6.

• This patch passes all tests.
• This patch merges cleanly.
• This patch adds no public classes.

[HyukjinKwon]

Merged to master.