Numpy bitwise OR operator

example/numpy/numpy_semantics.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# How to Use NumPy Semantics in MXNet with `mxnet.numpy` Module\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## NumPy Shape Semantics\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### Example \n",
+    "\n",
+    "| Shape Example  | MXNet (before)  | MXNet/NumPy   |\n",
+    "|:---:|:---:|:---:|\n",
+    "| `()`   | unknown  | Scalar tensor   |\n",
+    "| `(2, 0, 1)` | Second dimension unknown | Zero-size tensor |\n",
+    "| `None`(Python) | N/A | Unknown |\n",
+    "| `(2, -1, 0)`(C++) | N/A | Second dim uknown|\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### Affected modules\n",
+    "- Shape inference: imperative, symbolic, Gluon\n",
+    "- Legacy operators (not recommended to use)\n",
+    "- MXNet/NumPy operators\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## NumPy Array Semantics\n",
+    "**Definition:** The type of created ndarrays is `mxnet.numpy.ndarray`/`mxnet.symbol.numpy._Symbol`, instead of `mxnet.ndarray.NDArray`/`mxnet.symbol.Symbol` (only affects Gluon modules).\n",
+    "- Block/HybridBlock\n",
+    "    - Parameter creation and initialization.\n",
+    "    - Inputs/outputs (symbol/ndarray) of `__call__`/`forward`/`hybrid_forward`.\n",
+    "    - Computational graph construction.\n",
+    "- Dataloader\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Dependency of Two Types of Semantics\n",
+    "- It is required to keep NumPy shape semantics active while activating NumPy array semantics.\n",
+    "- Deactivating NumPy shape semantics while NumPy array semantics is still active is not allowed."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import logging\n",
+    "import mxnet as mx\n",
+    "from mxnet import np, npx, gluon\n",
+    "\n",
+    "logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "try:\n",
+    "    npx.set_np(shape=False, array=True)\n",
+    "except ValueError as e:\n",
+    "    print(e)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## How to Enable NumPy Shape semantics"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "try:\n",
+    "    a = mx.nd.random.uniform(shape=())\n",
+    "except mx.MXNetError as e:\n",
+    "    print(e)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "try:\n",
+    "    b = mx.nd.random.uniform(shape=(2, 0, 1))\n",
+    "except mx.MXNetError as e:\n",
+    "    print(e)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "try:\n",
+    "    c = np.random.uniform()\n",
+    "except mx.MXNetError as e:\n",
+    "    print(e)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "try:\n",
+    "    d = np.random.uniform(size=(2, 0, 1))\n",
+    "except mx.MXNetError as e:\n",
+    "    print(e)  "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "npx.set_np(shape=True, array=False)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "a = mx.nd.random.uniform(shape=())\n",
+    "b = mx.nd.random.uniform(shape=(2, 0, 1))\n",
+    "c = np.random.uniform()\n",
+    "d = np.random.uniform(size=(2, 0, 1))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('type(a) =', type(a))\n",
+    "print('a.shape = ', a.shape)\n",
+    "print('a.size = ', a.size)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('type(b) =', type(b))\n",
+    "print('b.shape = ', b.shape)\n",
+    "print('b.size = ', b.size)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('type(c) =', type(c))\n",
+    "print('c.shape = ', c.shape)\n",
+    "print('c.size = ', c.size)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('type(d) =', type(d))\n",
+    "print('d.shape = ', d.shape)\n",
+    "print('d.size = ', d.size)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## How to Enable NumPy Array Semantics\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### Parameters"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "npx.reset_np()  # reset two types of semantics to the default state, which is False for both of them\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from mxnet.gluon import nn\n",
+    "class Net(gluon.Block):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, in_units=0, **kwargs):  # 0 means in_units is unknown and must be inferred at runtime\n",
+    "        super(Net, self).__init__(**kwargs)\n",
+    "        with self.name_scope():\n",
+    "            self.dense0 = nn.Dense(5, in_units=in_units)\n",
+    "            self.dense1 = nn.Dense(5, in_units=in_units)\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "    def forward(self, x):\n",
+    "        return self.dense1(self.dense0(x))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "net1 = Net()\n",
+    "net1.initialize()\n",
+    "net1(mx.nd.zeros((3, 10)))\n",
+    "for k, v in net1.collect_params().items():\n",
+    "    print('parameter {}, type {}'.format(k, str(type(v.data()))))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "npx.set_np()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "net2 = Net()\n",
+    "net2.initialize()\n",
+    "net2(np.zeros((3, 10)))\n",
+    "for k, v in net2.collect_params().items():\n",
+    "    print('parameter {}, type {}'.format(k, str(type(v.data()))))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Dataloader"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import sys\n",
+    "import os\n",
+    "from mxnet.gluon import data as gdata\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "npx.reset_np()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, resize=None, root=os.path.join(\n",
+    "        '~', '.mxnet', 'datasets', 'fashion-mnist')):\n",
+    "    \"\"\"Download the Fashion-MNIST dataset and then load into memory.\"\"\"\n",
+    "    root = os.path.expanduser(root)\n",
+    "    transformer = []\n",
+    "    if resize:\n",
+    "        transformer += [gdata.vision.transforms.Resize(resize)]\n",
+    "    transformer += [gdata.vision.transforms.ToTensor()]\n",
+    "    transformer = gdata.vision.transforms.Compose(transformer)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    mnist_train = gdata.vision.FashionMNIST(root=root, train=True)\n",
+    "    mnist_test = gdata.vision.FashionMNIST(root=root, train=False)\n",
+    "    num_workers = 0 if sys.platform.startswith('win32') else 4\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    train_iter = gdata.DataLoader(mnist_train.transform_first(transformer),\n",
+    "                                  batch_size, shuffle=True,\n",
+    "                                  num_workers=num_workers)\n",
+    "    test_iter = gdata.DataLoader(mnist_test.transform_first(transformer),\n",
+    "                                 batch_size, shuffle=False,\n",
+    "                                 num_workers=num_workers)\n",
+    "    return train_iter, test_iter"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "train_iter, test_iter = load_data_fashion_mnist(16)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for X, y in train_iter:\n",
+    "    print('type(X) = ', type(X))\n",
+    "    print('type(y) = ', type(y))\n",
+    "    break"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "npx.set_np()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "train_iter, test_iter = load_data_fashion_mnist(16)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for X, y in train_iter:\n",
+    "    print('type(X) = ', type(X))\n",
+    "    print('type(y) = ', type(y))\n",
+    "    break"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.7.0"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

include/mxnet/base.h

@@ -421,7 +421,9 @@ inline int32_t Context::GetGPUCount() {
 #if MXNET_USE_CUDA
   int32_t count;
   cudaError_t e = cudaGetDeviceCount(&count);
-  if (e == cudaErrorNoDevice) {
+  // TODO(junwu): Remove e == 35
+  // This is skipped for working around wheel build system with older CUDA driver.
+  if (e == cudaErrorNoDevice || e == 35) {
     return 0;
   }
   CHECK_EQ(e, cudaSuccess) << " CUDA: " << cudaGetErrorString(e);

include/mxnet/c_api.h

@@ -2811,6 +2811,18 @@ MXNET_DLL int MXEnginePushSync(EngineSyncFunc sync_func, void* func_param,
                                EngineVarHandle mutable_vars_handle, int num_mutable_vars,
                                EngineFnPropertyHandle prop_handle DEFAULT(NULL),
                                int priority DEFAULT(0), const char* opr_name DEFAULT(NULL));
+/*!
+ * \brief Create an NDArray from source sharing the same data chunk.
+ * \param src source NDArray
+ * \param out new NDArray sharing the same data chunck with src
+ */
+MXNET_DLL int MXShallowCopyNDArray(NDArrayHandle src, NDArrayHandle* out);
+/*!
+ * \brief Create an Symbol from source sharing the same graph structure.
+ * \param src source Symbol
+ * \param out new Symbol sharing the same graph structure with src
+ */
+MXNET_DLL int MXShallowCopySymbol(SymbolHandle src, SymbolHandle * out);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }

include/mxnet/tuple.h

@@ -272,6 +272,14 @@ class Tuple {
       is.get();
       if (ch == '(' || ch == '[') break;
       if (!isspace(ch)) {
+        if (ch == 'N') {
+          std::string tmp_val;
+          is >> tmp_val;
+          if (tmp_val == "one") {  // is stores "None"
+            t.SetDim(-1);
+            return is;
+          }
+        }
         is.setstate(std::ios::failbit);
         return is;
       }
@@ -653,6 +661,13 @@ inline bool shape_is_known(const TShape& x) {
   return true;
 }
 
+inline bool shape_is_known(const std::vector<TShape>& shapes) {
+  for (const TShape& shape : shapes) {
+    if (!shape_is_known(shape)) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 /*! \brief helper function to cast type of container elements */
 template<typename SrcIter, typename DstIter>
 inline DstIter ShapeTypeCast(const SrcIter begin,

python/mxnet/__init__.py

@@ -25,10 +25,15 @@
 from . import engine
 from .base import MXNetError
 from .util import is_np_shape, set_np_shape, np_shape, use_np_shape
+from .util import is_np_array, np_array, use_np_array, use_np
 from . import base
 from . import contrib
 from . import ndarray
 from . import ndarray as nd
+from . import numpy
+from . import numpy_extension
+from . import numpy as np
+from . import numpy_extension as npx
 from . import name
 # use mx.sym as short for symbol
 from . import symbol as sym