Faster character_length() string function for ASCII-only case (#12356)

* charcter_length() benchmark

* char_length() ascii fast path

* use usize_as

datafusion/functions/Cargo.toml

@@ -166,3 +166,8 @@ required-features = ["math_expressions"]
 harness = false
 name = "substr"
 required-features = ["unicode_expressions"]
+
+[[bench]]
+harness = false
+name = "character_length"
+required-features = ["unicode_expressions"]

datafusion/functions/benches/character_length.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+extern crate criterion;
+
+use arrow::array::{StringArray, StringViewArray};
+use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
+use datafusion_expr::ColumnarValue;
+use rand::distributions::Alphanumeric;
+use rand::{rngs::StdRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+/// gen_arr(4096, 128, 0.1, 0.1, true) will generate a StringViewArray with
+/// 4096 rows, each row containing a string with 128 random characters.
+/// around 10% of the rows are null, around 10% of the rows are non-ASCII.
+fn gen_string_array(
+    n_rows: usize,
+    str_len_chars: usize,
+    null_density: f32,
+    utf8_density: f32,
+    is_string_view: bool, // false -> StringArray, true -> StringViewArray
+) -> Vec<ColumnarValue> {
+    let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(42);
+    let rng_ref = &mut rng;
+
+    let corpus = "DataFusionДатаФусион数据融合📊🔥"; // includes utf8 encoding with 1~4 bytes
+    let corpus_char_count = corpus.chars().count();
+
+    let mut output_string_vec: Vec<Option<String>> = Vec::with_capacity(n_rows);
+    for _ in 0..n_rows {
+        let rand_num = rng_ref.gen::<f32>(); // [0.0, 1.0)
+        if rand_num < null_density {
+            output_string_vec.push(None);
+        } else if rand_num < null_density + utf8_density {
+            // Generate random UTF8 string
+            let mut generated_string = String::with_capacity(str_len_chars);
+            for _ in 0..str_len_chars {
+                let idx = rng_ref.gen_range(0..corpus_char_count);
+                let char = corpus.chars().nth(idx).unwrap();
+                generated_string.push(char);
+            }
+            output_string_vec.push(Some(generated_string));
+        } else {
+            // Generate random ASCII-only string
+            let value = rng_ref
+                .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
+                .take(str_len_chars)
+                .collect();
+            let value = String::from_utf8(value).unwrap();
+            output_string_vec.push(Some(value));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if is_string_view {
+        let string_view_array: StringViewArray = output_string_vec.into_iter().collect();
+        vec![ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(string_view_array))]
+    } else {
+        let string_array: StringArray = output_string_vec.clone().into_iter().collect();
+        vec![ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(string_array))]
+    }
+}
+
+fn criterion_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    // All benches are single batch run with 8192 rows
+    let character_length = datafusion_functions::unicode::character_length();
+
+    let n_rows = 8192;
+    for str_len in [8, 32, 128, 4096] {
+        // StringArray ASCII only
+        let args_string_ascii = gen_string_array(n_rows, str_len, 0.1, 0.0, false);
+        c.bench_function(
+            &format!("character_length_StringArray_ascii_str_len_{}", str_len),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(character_length.invoke(&args_string_ascii))),
+        );
+
+        // StringArray UTF8
+        let args_string_utf8 = gen_string_array(n_rows, str_len, 0.1, 0.5, false);
+        c.bench_function(
+            &format!("character_length_StringArray_utf8_str_len_{}", str_len),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(character_length.invoke(&args_string_utf8))),
+        );
+
+        // StringViewArray ASCII only
+        let args_string_view_ascii = gen_string_array(n_rows, str_len, 0.1, 0.0, true);
+        c.bench_function(
+            &format!("character_length_StringViewArray_ascii_str_len_{}", str_len),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(character_length.invoke(&args_string_view_ascii))),
+        );
+
+        // StringViewArray UTF8
+        let args_string_view_utf8 = gen_string_array(n_rows, str_len, 0.1, 0.5, true);
+        c.bench_function(
+            &format!("character_length_StringViewArray_utf8_str_len_{}", str_len),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(character_length.invoke(&args_string_view_utf8))),
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+criterion_group!(benches, criterion_benchmark);
+criterion_main!(benches);

datafusion/functions/src/string/common.rs

@@ -351,18 +351,29 @@ pub trait StringArrayType<'a>: ArrayAccessor<Item = &'a str> + Sized {
     ///
     /// This iterator iterates returns `Option<&str>` for each item in the array.
     fn iter(&self) -> ArrayIter<Self>;
+
+    /// Check if the array is ASCII only.
+    fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
 impl<'a, T: OffsetSizeTrait> StringArrayType<'a> for &'a GenericStringArray<T> {
     fn iter(&self) -> ArrayIter<Self> {
         GenericStringArray::<T>::iter(self)
     }
+
+    fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool {
+        GenericStringArray::<T>::is_ascii(self)
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> StringArrayType<'a> for &'a StringViewArray {
     fn iter(&self) -> ArrayIter<Self> {
         StringViewArray::iter(self)
     }
+
+    fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool {
+        StringViewArray::is_ascii(self)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Optimized version of the StringBuilder in Arrow that:

datafusion/functions/src/unicode/character_length.rs

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+use crate::string::common::StringArrayType;
 use crate::utils::{make_scalar_function, utf8_to_int_type};
 use arrow::array::{
-    Array, ArrayAccessor, ArrayIter, ArrayRef, ArrowPrimitiveType, AsArray,
-    OffsetSizeTrait, PrimitiveArray,
+    Array, ArrayRef, ArrowPrimitiveType, AsArray, OffsetSizeTrait, PrimitiveArray,
 };
 use arrow::datatypes::{ArrowNativeType, DataType, Int32Type, Int64Type};
 use datafusion_common::Result;
@@ -99,18 +99,26 @@ fn character_length(args: &[ArrayRef]) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
     }
 }
 
-fn character_length_general<'a, T: ArrowPrimitiveType, V: ArrayAccessor<Item = &'a str>>(
+fn character_length_general<'a, T: ArrowPrimitiveType, V: StringArrayType<'a>>(
     array: V,
 ) -> Result<ArrayRef>
 where
     T::Native: OffsetSizeTrait,
 {
-    let iter = ArrayIter::new(array);
+    // String characters are variable length encoded in UTF-8, counting the
+    // number of chars requires expensive decoding, however checking if the
+    // string is ASCII only is relatively cheap.
+    // If strings are ASCII only, count bytes instead.
+    let is_array_ascii_only = array.is_ascii();
+    let iter = array.iter();
     let result = iter
         .map(|string| {
             string.map(|string: &str| {
-                T::Native::from_usize(string.chars().count())
-                    .expect("should not fail as string.chars will always return integer")
+                if is_array_ascii_only {
+                    T::Native::usize_as(string.len())
+                } else {
+                    T::Native::usize_as(string.chars().count())
+                }
             })
         })
         .collect::<PrimitiveArray<T>>();