Remove Python 3.12 exclusion for Apache Beam

After apache/beam#29149 has been fixed
and Apache Beam 2.59.0 released we can finally unblock Apache Beam
provider for Python 3.12 - mainly because requests is no longer
limited so that Apache Beam does not conflict with few other
dependencies.

generated/provider_dependencies.json

@@ -76,17 +76,15 @@
   "apache.beam": {
     "deps": [
       "apache-airflow>=2.8.0",
-      "apache-beam>=2.53.0",
+      "apache-beam>=2.59.0",
       "pyarrow>=14.0.1"
     ],
     "devel-deps": [],
     "plugins": [],
     "cross-providers-deps": [
       "google"
     ],
-    "excluded-python-versions": [
-      "3.12"
-    ],
+    "excluded-python-versions": [],
     "state": "ready"
   },
   "apache.cassandra": {

providers/src/airflow/providers/apache/beam/provider.yaml

@@ -62,18 +62,17 @@ versions:
 
 dependencies:
   - apache-airflow>=2.8.0
-  # Apache Beam > 2.53.0 and pyarrow > 14.0.1 fix https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47248.
-  - apache-beam>=2.53.0
+  # Apache Beam 2.59.0 removes some problematic requests exclusions that were present in 2.58.*
+  # Limiting it to >= 2.59.0 will allow to speed up resolution of dependencies.
+  - apache-beam>=2.59.0
   - pyarrow>=14.0.1
 
 additional-extras:
   - name: google
     dependencies:
       - apache-beam[gcp]
 
-# Apache Beam currently does not support Python 3.12
-# There is an issue tracking it https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/29149
-excluded-python-versions: ['3.12']
+excluded-python-versions: []
 
 integrations:
   - integration-name: Apache Beam