Feature - loader-v2 and loader-v3 deprecation warnings

[Lichtso]

Problem

Loader-v2 (see #4487 (comment)) and loader-v3 (see #4666) are deprecated and attempting to deploy on them will already fail on a test validator with a genesis feature set including disable_new_loader_v3_deployments by default. Thus, there should be a warning telling dApp devs what to do instead of just seeing:

Error: Deploying program failed: RPC response error -32002: Transaction simulation failed: Error processing Instruction 1: invalid instruction data; 5 log messages:
Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]
Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success
Program BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111 invoke [1]
Unsupported instruction
Program BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111 failed: invalid instruction data

Summary of Changes

Adds deprecation warnings in the SDK and the CLI.
Removes the outdated and unused test program "rust/finalize".

[KirillLykov]

maybe also add somewhere (to documentation of loader-v3 or loader-v4 an example of using v4 in comparison to the previous one. For example, --program-id cla has changed the semantics and --fee-payer is removed. So an example could say that a typical deployment command line with version 3 was ... while now it is ....

[Lichtso]

I will do follow up PRs for the docs, also to fix the bug you discovered in the signer aliasing.

[joncinque]

A bit late to the party, but this looks great, thanks!

attempting to deploy on them will already fail on a test validator with a genesis feature set including disable_new_loader_v3_deployments by default

This is a very important point. Can you add that behavior as a breaking change to the CHANGELOG in solana-test-validator, along with what command should be used instead, and an example command of how to disable the feature if needed?

We also need to make devrel / Anchor aware of this breaking change in v2.2.

[jacobcreech]

Instead of introducing a sub command, why not just abstract out the work behind the scenes in solana program deploy? Devs don't care what loader they use, they just want to deploy their program.