feat: Update default language standard to the latest standard + feat: Set cppcheck default std instead of defaulting standard based on it

[FeignClaims]

Update the default CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD and CMAKE_C_STANDARD settings to the latest standard version if they're not specified by the user.

Additionally, the standard test code is generalized to a function _set_language_standard:

_set_language_standard(CXX_LATEST_STANDARD CXX 23 20 17 14 11)
_set_language_standard(C_LATEST_STANDARD C 23 20 17 11 99 90)

[FeignClaims]

C++ fails to use 23 and C fails to use 23,20,17 because cppcheck dosen't support them. Instead of implicitly using an old standard, I think it's fairly reasonable to just use the latest standard while setting cppcheck to use the default standard, and give a ${WARNING_MESSAGE} about the cppcheck behaviour to those who care.

Also, the corresponding cppcheck option of set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 90) is --std=c89 according to cppcheck --help:

--std=<id>           Set standard.
                     The available options are:
                      * c89
                             C code is C89 compatible
                      * c99
                             C code is C99 compatible
                      * c11
                             C code is C11 compatible (default)
                      * c++03
                             C++ code is C++03 compatible
                      * c++11
                             C++ code is C++11 compatible
                      * c++14
                             C++ code is C++14 compatible
                      * c++17
                             C++ code is C++17 compatible
                      * c++20
                             C++ code is C++20 compatible (default)

Versions are hard-coded in the code, as cppcheck runs normally even if I run cppcheck --std=c++100 so I can't test whether the option is correct by running it.

if(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD MATCHES [[03|11|14|17|20]])
  set(CMAKE_CXX_CPPCHECK ${CMAKE_CXX_CPPCHECK} --std=c++${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD})
else()
  message(${WARNING_MESSAGE} "cppcheck dosen't support specified C++ standard ${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD}. Using the cppcheck default C++ standard version.")
endif()

[aminya]

Is this ready to get merged? Can we address the essential part of my comments, or do you think this will not cause issues?

[FeignClaims]

Is this ready to get merged? Can we address the essential part of my comments, or do you think this will not cause issues?

@aminya Sorry for the delay. According to my recent attempts, cppcheck itself is unable to detect the version issue, so this is the best result we can achieve at the moment.

I believe the current changes are sufficient and ready to merge, and I can manually maintain the version changes afterwards - after all, we were manually adjusting to the latest C++ version before.

[aminya]

Thank you for the contribution