change: Move Braket-specific pragma, instruction, and result logic out of parser

[kshyatt-aws]

Issue #, if available: N/A

Description of changes: Represent instructions and result types using named tuples to avoid forcing everyone into Braket's representation. Instead, let packages define for themselves how to parse and visit pragmas and how to turn these named tuples into their own types.

Testing done: Tests passed locally.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 98.89%. Comparing base (4780fdf) to head (9e8aac0).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #53      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   99.18%   98.89%   -0.29%     
==========================================
  Files          22       23       +1     
  Lines        3423     3453      +30     
==========================================
+ Hits         3395     3415      +20     
- Misses         28       38      +10     

Flag	Coverage Δ
	98.89% <100.00%> (-0.29%)	⬇️

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[kshyatt-aws]

Checked that this works with the Python wrapper as well

[kshyatt-aws]

OK I think this failing codecov check is spurious. @rmshaffer does this look ok to you?