[cmake] Update CXX standard from 14 to 17

[fabiencastan]

Description

Upgrade to C++ standard from 14 to 17.

Impact:

• CUDA: >= 11.
• GCC: >= 7.0
  https://gcc.gnu.org/projects/cxx-status.html#cxx17
• VS: Visual Studio 2017 15.8 (MSVC 19.15) and later supports all C++17 language features.

https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support/17

[simogasp]

• need to change CUDA min require version
  • https://github.com/alicevision/AliceVision/blob/develop/src/CMakeLists.txt#L636
• update doc

  • AliceVision/INSTALL.md

    Line 10 in 315f36f

    * C/C++ compiler (gcc or visual studio or clang) with C++14 support (i.e. gcc >= 5, clang >= 3.4, msvc >= 19.10, cuda >= 9.0).

  • AliceVision/INSTALL.md

    Line 79 in 315f36f

    #### Windows: CUDA and Visual Studio

  • AliceVision/INSTALL.md

    Line 43 in 315f36f

    * Cuda >= 7.0 (feature extraction and depth map computation)

• update clang-format
  • https://github.com/alicevision/AliceVision/blob/develop/.clang-format#L19

[mugulmd]

Need to update MeshSDFilter fork: alicevision/MeshSDFilter#4