chore: Update dependencies and upgrate to Dart 2.17

[albertodev01]

Why?

The Dart team released version 2.17 and I need to update a few dependencies

What?

I have mostly upgraded dependencies. There are some minor changes to docstrings and small test cases additions

Types of Changes

• Documentation change (change to update documentation)

Notes

No changes in the public API!

Checklist

• I have provided a description of the proposed changes.
• I added unit tests for all relevant code.
• I added golden tests for all UI changes.
• I added documentation for all relevant code.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #17 (31b5175) into master (9a625b7) will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##            master       #17   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage   100.00%   100.00%           
=========================================
  Files            9         9           
  Lines          326       324    -2     
=========================================
- Hits           326       324    -2     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
lib/src/extensions/fraction_num.dart	100.00% <ø> (ø)
lib/src/extensions/fraction_string.dart	100.00% <ø> (ø)
lib/src/extensions/mixed_num.dart	100.00% <ø> (ø)
lib/src/extensions/mixed_string.dart	100.00% <ø> (ø)
lib/src/rational.dart	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
lib/src/types/egyptian_converter.dart	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
lib/src/types/mixed.dart	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
lib/src/types/standard.dart	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
lib/src/utils/exceptions.dart	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

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