Contents
- 1. VIM user manual (as it comes with :h users-manual)
- 1.1. About the manuals — user_01.txt
- 1.2. The first steps in Vim — usr_02.txt
- 1.3. Moving around — usr_03.txt
- 1.4. Making small changes — usr_04.txt
- 1.5. Set your settings usr_05.txt
- 1.6. Using syntax highlighting usr_06.txt
- 1.7. Editing more than one file usr_07.txt
- 1.8. Splitting windows usr_08.txt
- 1.9. Using the GUI usr_09.txt
- 1.10. Making big changes usr_10.txt
- 2. Lists
- 3. From Quick Reference: see quickref.txt :help quickref
- 4. Get specific help
- 5. VIM
- 6. Todo
- 7. Compilation in Ubuntu
- 8. Managing packages (many plugins in a directory) and plugins
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do not forget |
Reviewing the tutor every once in a while might be a good idea.
Two manuals: (i) A User manual, with task oriented explanations, (ii) A reference manual
:bp / :bn (or CTRL-O / CTRL-I when just changed buffers) to go to the previous / next buffer
<TABS> or Ctrl-I goes to next jump, Ctrl-O both could be in a different buffer
:ju(mps) will display a jump list, can be navigated with the mouse in codevim :<n>Ctrl-O / <n>Ctrl-I jumps <n> times in VIM :cle(arjumps)
:e $MYVIMRC to edit the correct vimrc file.
In Linux Mint, ~/.vim/vimrc contains one line: 'source ~/Documents/GitHub/cheat-sheet_VIM/vimrc'
:scriptnames " to see what files & plugins are loaded at startup
:new
:put=execute('scriptnames') " will write the list in a new file
VSCode will check in Settings (Ctrl+comma) Vim> Vimrc:Path for vimrc file
Normal mode: ZZ is equivalent to :wq when in help, windows ZZ also closes help without exiting the program.
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If not in the help window, if all buffers are saved, vim will quit |
:h display help main file, shows a list of modes and their command prefixes (prepend).
commonly used ones are:
Normal mode: no prefix
Visual mode: enter with v, V, or Ctrl-v, prefix: v_ ex.: v_U capitalize, v_u lowercase, v_~ switch
Insert mode: enter with a,A, i,I o or O, prefix: i_ ex.: :h i_CTRL-[ i_<Esc>
Options, prefix:' ex.: :h 'ai shows set autoindent help
Regex, prefix: / :h /$ shows <EOL> help
Command-line editing: : prepend help with c_
:help c_command_name " how to edit in the lower-screen command line
:help c_<Del>
Command argument: prepend help with -
:help -command_name
:help -r " list swap files that can be recovered
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:vert h toc is often a good way to start help in a 'landscape' screen |
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Searching for terms in the toc before trying :helpgrep is a good idea |
:helpgrep <subject> :cwindow " to browse results :cnext / cprev " to jump to next / previous result
command line completion with <TAB> is especially useful for :help
:set nu rnu is useful while reading help or manual
:h help-summary is useful
Key combinations. They usually start with a single letter indicating the mode for which they can be used. e.g.: :help i_CTRL-X takes you to the family of CTRL-X commands for insert mode which can be used to auto-complete different things. Note, that certain keys will always be written the same, e.g. Control will always be CTRL or ctrl.
For normal mode commands there is no prefix and the topic is available at :h CTRL-<Letter> E.g. > :help CTRL-W shows the list of windows sizing & control commands
In contrast > :help c_CTRL-R will describe what the CTRL-R does when entering content of registers in commands in the Command line
:help v_CTRL-A talks about incrementing numbers in visual mode
:help g_CTRL-A talks about the "g<C-A>" command (e.g. you have to press "g" then <CTRL-A>). Here the "g" stands for the normal command "g" which always expects a second key before doing something similar to the commands starting with "z".
Searching for text \< and \> are special markers that match beginning and end of a word.
/\<word\> search for the whole word only
:set hls highlights searched char string, :noh temporarilly removes highlight
:set ic highlights incremental search
:set list / :set nolist turns invisible characters on / off
ma to make a mark,
'a ('<SPACE>a with US-int'l keyboard) to move so that cursor is as col.1 of this mark's line.
`a to place cursor right on the mark.
:marks List all the current marks
:marks {arg} List marks mentionned in {arg}. For example :marks a8
:delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. For examples :delm ab c deletes marks a, b, and c
Special marks include:
' The cursor position before doing a jump " The cursor position when last editing the file [ Start of the last change ] End of the last change
x stands for dl (delete character under the cursor) X stands for dh (delete character left of the cursor) D stands for d$ (delete to end of the line) C stands for c$ (change to end of the line) s stands for cl (change one character) S stands for cc (change a whole line)
d`m deletes between current position and mark m
di' / da' deletes inside / around a '' quoted string di" / da" deletes inside / around a "" quoted string di` / da` deletes inside / around a `` quoted string
The operators, movement commands and text objects give you the possibility to make lots of combinations. Now that you know how they work, you can use N operators with M movement commands to make N * M commands!
For example, there are many other ways to delete pieces of text. Here are a few common ones:
x delete character under the cursor (short for "dl") X delete character before the cursor (short for "dh") D delete from cursor to end of line (short for "d$") dw delete from cursor to next start of word db delete from cursor to previous start of word diw delete word under the cursor (excluding white space) daw delete word under the cursor (including white space) dG delete until the end of the file dgg delete until the start of the file
Operators: If you use "c" instead of "d" they become change commands. With "y" you yank the text. ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set), ex: ~[Space with US Int'l keyboard]w swap word's case g~ swap case gu make lowercase gU make uppercase g? ROT13 encoding > shift right < shift left gq text formatting gw text formatting with no cursor movement = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty
v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file FILENAME
After listing buffers with :ls close buffer n with :bdn, close all with :%bd
:reg(isters) or :di(splay) shows registers
linewise characterwise The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start and end position.
["x]dd Delete [count] lines [into register x] linewise.
["x]D Delete the characters under the cursor until the end
of the line and [count]-1 more lines [into register
x]; synonym for "d$".
["x]c{motion} Delete {motion} text [into register x] and start insert.
["x]cc Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start insert.
If 'autoindent' is on (:set ai), preserve the indent of the first line.
["x]C Delete from the cursor position to the end of the
line and [count]-1 more lines [into register x], and
start insert. Synonym for c$.
["x]s Delete [count] characters [into register x]
and start insert (s stands for Substitute).
Synonym for "cl".
["x]S Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start insert.
Synonym for "cc".
In replace mode -- started with R --, Ctrl-y will copy chars from precedent line, <BS> or Ctrl-h will undo the replace, putting back chars from initial text.
:h CTRL-W to list windows controls, including: ctrl-+ / ctrl - & ctrl > / ctrl < to increase / decrase window's height / width
Ctrl-^ or Ctrl-6 switches between % (current) and # (alternate) files.
Moving forward / backward just before a char 'c' on a line: tc / Tc ';' ',' repeats in the same / opposite direction
"for a long text between parentheses", from anywhere in the middle, T" Ctrl-v , or t" Ctrl-v , will select the inside of "" A better way: Ctrl-v-i " will do the same. Ctrl-v a " will select the "" as well.
Normal mode: db & dB, when cursor is as beginning of a word, will delete the precedent word along with the space in between.
Whith cursor on a specific line, scrolling file so that line shows 1rst on top is best done with zt Alternatively zz to have file scroll so that line shows in the middle, zb to have it at bottom H M L position the cursor on screen without scrolling the file. Alternatively :set nu rnu and then n CTRL-E[nd] / n CTRL-Y[esterday] will scroll the file by n lines down / up
*/ # will match whole word the cursor is on forward / backward g* / g# will also match words containing the word the cursor is on, g.e.: when on 'the', g* will match then there, therefore and so on.
X stands for dh (delete character left of the cursor)
In visual mode, having started in the middle of what should be selected, 'o' brings back the cursor to the other end of the selection for further selection. 'O' moves to the other corner of the same line.
~ is an operator if :set top or :set tildeop is set in VIM, then works as such for text-objects in codevim. ~ inverse upper & lower case
u to undo one change, U to undo all the changes on a line
n next occurence same direction, N next occurence opposite direction, repeat N to keep in this opposite direction
r replaces one character, R replaces until <ESC> (Replace mode)
i_CTRL-T / i_CTRL-D adds / deletes one shiftwidth of indent in the current line
'current selection' -- "* reg --, and 'real clipboard' -- "+ reg -- in X-Windows: - Select two words in Visual mode. - Use the Edit/Copy menu to get these words onto the clipboard. - Select one other word in Visual mode. - Use the Edit/Paste menu item. What will happen is that the single selected word is replaced with the two words from the clipboard. - Move the mouse pointer somewhere else and click the middle button. You will see that the word you just overwrote with the clipboard is inserted here.
:sp splits horizontally :sp filename splits horizontally and opens filename in the new window :vs filename vertical split and opens filename in new window :vert h topic vertical split and opens help on topic
CTRL-W h move to the window on the left CTRL-W j move to the window below CTRL-W k move to the window above CTRL-W l move to the window on the right
CTRL-W SHIFT-K moves the window to the top part of the screen, regardless it was vertically split or not CTRL-W H move window to the far left CTRL-W J move window to the bottom CTRL-W L move window to the far right
$ vim -o *.txt opens all in vertically split screen $ vim -O *.txt opens all in horizontally split screen
Another way to start in diff mode can be done from inside Vim. Edit the "main.c" file, then make a split and show the differences:
:edit main.c :vertical diffsplit main.c~
The ":vertical" command is used to make the window split vertically. If you omit this, you will get a horizontal split.
]c next change [c the other way
dp "difff put" removes a difference by putting the text under the cursor of the current window in the other window do "difff obtain" removes a difference by putting the change under the cursor from the other window into the current one.
:tabe[dit] filename edit 'filename' in a new tab and switch
:q closes the current tab
:tabN[ext] gt :tabp[revious] gT :tabf[irst] :tabl[ast] :tabnew :tabc[lose] all perform the eponym action
:tabo[nly] close all tab pages except the current one
:tab split makes a new tab page editing current buffer
In X-Windows, highlighting text and middle-clicking in a different window works. This copy & paste without using the keyboard.�
"* register is for the current selection (does not show in Clipit) "+ register is for the keyboard (shows in Clipit)
Frequently used commands are in described as accelerators under gVim’s Edit menu
In what situations use: CTRL-T : jump to [count] older entry in the tag stack (default 1). CTRL-O g-<Right mouse> CTRL-<Right mouse> CTRL-; " tapé par inadvertance sur un tag
check last line " vim:sts=2:sw=2:et: :set softtabstops=2 :set shiftwidth=2 :set expandtab
cd ~/.vim git clone https://github.com/ahjun001-forks/vim.git mv vim src
git remote -v
origin https://github.com/ahjun001-forks/vim.git (fetch)
origin https://github.com/ahjun001-forks/vim.git (push)
upstream https://github.com/ahjun001-forks/vim.git (fetch)
upstream https://github.com/ahjun001-forks/vim.git (push)
git fetch upstream
git checkout master
git merge upstream/master
(git push)
cd .vim/src git pull make clean # remove what make built make distclean # includes ./configure ./configure --enable-gui=gtk3 make make test sudo make install
https://vimhelp.org/repeat.txt.html#packages https://vi.stackexchange.com/questions/9522/what-is-the-vim8-package-feature-and-how-should-i-use-it https://medium.com/@paulodiovani/installing-vim-8-plugins-with-the-native-pack-system-39b71c351fea
download nvim.appimage from https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases chmod +x nvim.appimage mv nvim.appimage nv mv nv /usr/local/bin/ ln -T ~/.vim/vimrc ~/.config/nvim/init.vim
open nv(im) and check that :echo $MYVIMRC points to the right file
current installed is NVIM v0.5.0-dev+965-gd0668b36a current installed is NVIM v0.5.0-dev+1012-gfe1ebea33-dirty
1rst time: download last Source code (tar.gz) from https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases into ~/Downloads extract code tree to /tmp
or
cd /opt mkdir neovim; sudo chown perubu:perubu neovim sudo git clone https://github.com/neovim/neovim
subsequent times:
cd neovim
git pull (until "Already up to date.")
check if dirty
git status -u
git diff HEAD
if dirty:
git reset --hard HEAD
git checkout
git branch git branch -r
follow instructions in README.md, install cmake if necessary make CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release check ./build/bin/nvim :version show release # is correct & clean sudo make install follow instruction regarding dependencies
ln -fs ~/Documents/Github/cheat-sheet_vim/vimrc ~/.config/nvim/init.vim