rust: upgrade to Rust 1.72.1

This is the third upgrade to the Rust toolchain, from 1.71.1 to 1.72.1
(i.e. the latest) [1].

See the upgrade policy [2] and the comments on the first upgrade in
commit 3ed03f4 ("rust: upgrade to Rust 1.68.2").

# Unstable features

No unstable features (that we use) were stabilized.

Therefore, the only unstable feature allowed to be used outside
the `kernel` crate is still `new_uninit`, though other code to be
upstreamed may increase the list.

Please see [3] for details.

# Other improvements

Previously, the compiler could incorrectly generate a `.eh_frame`
section under `-Cpanic=abort`. We were hitting this bug when debug
assertions were enabled (`CONFIG_RUST_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS=y`) [4]:

      LD      .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms1
    ld.lld: error: <internal>:(.eh_frame) is being placed in '.eh_frame'

Gary fixed the issue in Rust 1.72.0 [5].

# Required changes

For the upgrade, the following changes are required:

  - A call to `Box::from_raw` in `rust/kernel/sync/arc.rs` now requires
    an explicit `drop()` call. See previous patch for details.

# `alloc` upgrade and reviewing

The vast majority of changes are due to our `alloc` fork being upgraded
at once.

There are two kinds of changes to be aware of: the ones coming from
upstream, which we should follow as closely as possible, and the updates
needed in our added fallible APIs to keep them matching the newer
infallible APIs coming from upstream.

Instead of taking a look at the diff of this patch, an alternative
approach is reviewing a diff of the changes between upstream `alloc` and
the kernel's. This allows to easily inspect the kernel additions only,
especially to check if the fallible methods we already have still match
the infallible ones in the new version coming from upstream.

Another approach is reviewing the changes introduced in the additions in
the kernel fork between the two versions. This is useful to spot
potentially unintended changes to our additions.

To apply these approaches, one may follow steps similar to the following
to generate a pair of patches that show the differences between upstream
Rust and the kernel (for the subset of `alloc` we use) before and after
applying this patch:

    # Get the difference with respect to the old version.
    git -C rust checkout $(linux/scripts/min-tool-version.sh rustc)
    git -C linux ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD -- rust/alloc |
        cut -d/ -f3- |
        grep -Fv README.md |
        xargs -IPATH cp rust/library/alloc/src/PATH linux/rust/alloc/PATH
    git -C linux diff --patch-with-stat --summary -R > old.patch
    git -C linux restore rust/alloc

    # Apply this patch.
    git -C linux am rust-upgrade.patch

    # Get the difference with respect to the new version.
    git -C rust checkout $(linux/scripts/min-tool-version.sh rustc)
    git -C linux ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD -- rust/alloc |
        cut -d/ -f3- |
        grep -Fv README.md |
        xargs -IPATH cp rust/library/alloc/src/PATH linux/rust/alloc/PATH
    git -C linux diff --patch-with-stat --summary -R > new.patch
    git -C linux restore rust/alloc

Now one may check the `new.patch` to take a look at the additions (first
approach) or at the difference between those two patches (second
approach). For the latter, a side-by-side tool is recommended.

Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/stable/RELEASES.md#version-1721-2023-09-19 [1]
Link: https://rust-for-linux.com/rust-version-policy [2]
Link: Rust-for-Linux/linux#2 [3]
Closes: Rust-for-Linux/linux#1012 [4]
Link: rust-lang/rust#112403 [5]
Reviewed-by: Martin Rodriguez Reboredo <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Björn Roy Baron <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
[ Used 1.72.1 instead of .0 (no changes in `alloc`) and reworded
  to mention that we hit the `.eh_frame` bug under debug assertions. ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <[email protected]>

Documentation/process/changes.rst

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
 ====================== ===============  ========================================
 GNU C                  5.1              gcc --version
 Clang/LLVM (optional)  11.0.0           clang --version
-Rust (optional)        1.71.1           rustc --version
+Rust (optional)        1.72.1           rustc --version
 bindgen (optional)     0.65.1           bindgen --version
 GNU make               3.82             make --version
 bash                   4.2              bash --version

rust/alloc/alloc.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@
 
 #[cfg(not(test))]
 use core::intrinsics;
+#[cfg(all(bootstrap, not(test)))]
 use core::intrinsics::{min_align_of_val, size_of_val};
 
+#[cfg(all(bootstrap, not(test)))]
 use core::ptr::Unique;
 #[cfg(not(test))]
 use core::ptr::{self, NonNull};
@@ -40,7 +42,6 @@ extern "Rust" {
     #[rustc_nounwind]
     fn __rust_alloc_zeroed(size: usize, align: usize) -> *mut u8;
 
-    #[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
     static __rust_no_alloc_shim_is_unstable: u8;
 }
 
@@ -98,7 +99,6 @@ pub unsafe fn alloc(layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
     unsafe {
         // Make sure we don't accidentally allow omitting the allocator shim in
         // stable code until it is actually stabilized.
-        #[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
         core::ptr::read_volatile(&__rust_no_alloc_shim_is_unstable);
 
         __rust_alloc(layout.size(), layout.align())
@@ -339,14 +339,15 @@ unsafe fn exchange_malloc(size: usize, align: usize) -> *mut u8 {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg_attr(not(test), lang = "box_free")]
+#[cfg(all(bootstrap, not(test)))]
+#[lang = "box_free"]
 #[inline]
 // This signature has to be the same as `Box`, otherwise an ICE will happen.
 // When an additional parameter to `Box` is added (like `A: Allocator`), this has to be added here as
 // well.
 // For example if `Box` is changed to  `struct Box<T: ?Sized, A: Allocator>(Unique<T>, A)`,
 // this function has to be changed to `fn box_free<T: ?Sized, A: Allocator>(Unique<T>, A)` as well.
-pub(crate) unsafe fn box_free<T: ?Sized, A: Allocator>(ptr: Unique<T>, alloc: A) {
+unsafe fn box_free<T: ?Sized, A: Allocator>(ptr: Unique<T>, alloc: A) {
     unsafe {
         let size = size_of_val(ptr.as_ref());
         let align = min_align_of_val(ptr.as_ref());

rust/alloc/boxed.rs

@@ -1215,8 +1215,16 @@ impl<T: ?Sized, A: Allocator> Box<T, A> {
 
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 unsafe impl<#[may_dangle] T: ?Sized, A: Allocator> Drop for Box<T, A> {
+    #[inline]
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        // FIXME: Do nothing, drop is currently performed by compiler.
+        // the T in the Box is dropped by the compiler before the destructor is run
+
+        let ptr = self.0;
+
+        unsafe {
+            let layout = Layout::for_value_raw(ptr.as_ptr());
+            self.1.deallocate(From::from(ptr.cast()), layout)
+        }
     }
 }
 

rust/alloc/lib.rs

@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@
 //! [`Rc`]: rc
 //! [`RefCell`]: core::cell
 
+// To run alloc tests without x.py without ending up with two copies of alloc, Miri needs to be
+// able to "empty" this crate. See <https://github.com/rust-lang/miri-test-libstd/issues/4>.
+// rustc itself never sets the feature, so this line has no affect there.
+#![cfg(any(not(feature = "miri-test-libstd"), test, doctest))]
+//
 #![allow(unused_attributes)]
 #![stable(feature = "alloc", since = "1.36.0")]
 #![doc(
@@ -77,11 +82,6 @@
 ))]
 #![no_std]
 #![needs_allocator]
-// To run alloc tests without x.py without ending up with two copies of alloc, Miri needs to be
-// able to "empty" this crate. See <https://github.com/rust-lang/miri-test-libstd/issues/4>.
-// rustc itself never sets the feature, so this line has no affect there.
-#![cfg(any(not(feature = "miri-test-libstd"), test, doctest))]
-//
 // Lints:
 #![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
 #![deny(fuzzy_provenance_casts)]