Fix a race between GC threads in concurrent scavenging

While debugging #15285 I realized that free block lists (free_list in
BlockAlloc.c) get corrupted when multiple scavenge threads allocate and
release blocks concurrently. Here's a picture of one such race:

    Thread 2 (Thread 32573.32601):
    #0  check_tail
        (bd=0x940d40 <stg_TSO_info>) at rts/sm/BlockAlloc.c:860
    #1  0x0000000000928ef7 in checkFreeListSanity
        () at rts/sm/BlockAlloc.c:896
    #2  0x0000000000928979 in freeGroup
        (p=0x7e998ce02880) at rts/sm/BlockAlloc.c:721
    #3  0x0000000000928a17 in freeChain
        (bd=0x7e998ce02880) at rts/sm/BlockAlloc.c:738
    #4  0x0000000000926911 in freeChain_sync
        (bd=0x7e998ce02880) at rts/sm/GCUtils.c:80
    #5  0x0000000000934720 in scavenge_capability_mut_lists
        (cap=0x1acae80) at rts/sm/Scav.c:1665
    #6  0x000000000092b411 in gcWorkerThread
        (cap=0x1acae80) at rts/sm/GC.c:1157
    #7  0x000000000090be9a in yieldCapability
        (pCap=0x7f9994e69e20, task=0x7e9984000b70, gcAllowed=true) at rts/Capability.c:861
    #8  0x0000000000906120 in scheduleYield
        (pcap=0x7f9994e69e50, task=0x7e9984000b70) at rts/Schedule.c:673
    #9  0x0000000000905500 in schedule
        (initialCapability=0x1acae80, task=0x7e9984000b70) at rts/Schedule.c:293
    #10 0x0000000000908d4f in scheduleWorker
        (cap=0x1acae80, task=0x7e9984000b70) at rts/Schedule.c:2554
    #11 0x000000000091a30a in workerStart
        (task=0x7e9984000b70) at rts/Task.c:444
    #12 0x00007f99937fa6db in start_thread
        (arg=0x7f9994e6a700) at pthread_create.c:463
    #13 0x000061654d59f88f in clone
        () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95

    Thread 1 (Thread 32573.32573):
    #0  checkFreeListSanity
        () at rts/sm/BlockAlloc.c:887
    #1  0x0000000000928979 in freeGroup
        (p=0x7e998d303540) at rts/sm/BlockAlloc.c:721
    #2  0x0000000000926f23 in todo_block_full
        (size=513, ws=0x1aa8ce0) at rts/sm/GCUtils.c:264
    #3  0x00000000009583b9 in alloc_for_copy
        (size=513, gen_no=0) at rts/sm/Evac.c:80
    #4  0x000000000095850d in copy_tag_nolock
        (p=0x7e998c675f28, info=0x421d98 <Main_Large_con_info>, src=0x7e998d075d80, size=513,
        gen_no=0, tag=1) at rts/sm/Evac.c:153
    #5  0x0000000000959177 in evacuate
        (p=0x7e998c675f28) at rts/sm/Evac.c:715
    #6  0x0000000000932388 in scavenge_small_bitmap
        (p=0x7e998c675f28, size=1, bitmap=0) at rts/sm/Scav.c:271
    #7  0x0000000000934aaf in scavenge_stack
        (p=0x7e998c675f28, stack_end=0x7e998c676000) at rts/sm/Scav.c:1908
    #8  0x0000000000934295 in scavenge_one
        (p=0x7e998c66e000) at rts/sm/Scav.c:1466
    #9  0x0000000000934662 in scavenge_mutable_list
        (bd=0x7e998d300440, gen=0x1b1d880) at rts/sm/Scav.c:1643
    #10 0x0000000000934700 in scavenge_capability_mut_lists
        (cap=0x1aaa340) at rts/sm/Scav.c:1664
    #11 0x00000000009299b6 in GarbageCollect
        (collect_gen=0, do_heap_census=false, gc_type=2, cap=0x1aaa340, idle_cap=0x1b38aa0)
        at rts/sm/GC.c:378
    #12 0x0000000000907a4a in scheduleDoGC
        (pcap=0x7ffdec5b5310, task=0x1b36650, force_major=false) at rts/Schedule.c:1798
    #13 0x0000000000905de7 in schedule
        (initialCapability=0x1aaa340, task=0x1b36650) at rts/Schedule.c:546
    #14 0x0000000000908bc4 in scheduleWaitThread
        (tso=0x7e998c0067c8, ret=0x0, pcap=0x7ffdec5b5430) at rts/Schedule.c:2537
    ghc#15 0x000000000091b5a0 in rts_evalLazyIO
        (cap=0x7ffdec5b5430, p=0x9c11f0, ret=0x0) at rts/RtsAPI.c:530
    ghc#16 0x000000000091ca56 in hs_main
        (argc=1, argv=0x7ffdec5b5628, main_closure=0x9c11f0, rts_config=...) at rts/RtsMain.c:72
    ghc#17 0x0000000000421ea0 in main
        ()

In particular, dbl_link_onto() which is used to add a freed block to a
doubly-linked free list is not thread safe and corrupts the list when
called concurrently.

Note that thread 1 is to blame here as thread 2 is properly taking the
spinlock. With this patch we now take the spinlock when freeing a todo
block in GC, avoiding this race.

Test Plan:
- Tried slow validate locally: this patch does not introduce new failures.
- circleci: https://circleci.com/gh/ghc/ghc-diffs/283 The test got killed
  because it took 5 hours but T7919 (which was previously failing on circleci)
  passed.

Reviewers: simonmar, bgamari, erikd

Reviewed By: simonmar

Subscribers: rwbarton, carter

GHC Trac Issues: #15285

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D5115

rts/sm/GCUtils.c

@@ -81,6 +81,14 @@ freeChain_sync(bdescr *bd)
     RELEASE_SPIN_LOCK(&gc_alloc_block_sync);
 }
 
+void
+freeGroup_sync(bdescr *bd)
+{
+    ACQUIRE_SPIN_LOCK(&gc_alloc_block_sync);
+    freeGroup(bd);
+    RELEASE_SPIN_LOCK(&gc_alloc_block_sync);
+}
+
 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Workspace utilities
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -261,7 +269,7 @@ todo_block_full (uint32_t size, gen_workspace *ws)
                 // object.  However, if the object we're copying is
                 // larger than a block, then we might have an empty
                 // block here.
-                freeGroup(bd);
+                freeGroup_sync(bd);
             } else {
                 push_scanned_block(bd, ws);
             }

rts/sm/GCUtils.h

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ INLINE_HEADER bdescr *allocBlockOnNode_sync(uint32_t node)
 }
 
 void    freeChain_sync(bdescr *bd);
+void    freeGroup_sync(bdescr *bd);
 
 void    push_scanned_block   (bdescr *bd, gen_workspace *ws);
 StgPtr  todo_block_full      (uint32_t size, gen_workspace *ws);