Hear ye, hear ye, says the towncrier

towncrier is a utility to produce useful, summarised news files for your project. Rather than reading the Git history as some newer tools to produce it, or having one single file which developers all write to, towncrier reads "news fragments" which contain information useful to end users.

Used by Twisted, pytest, pip, BuildBot, and attrs, among others.

Philosophy

towncrier delivers the news which is convenient to those that hear it, not those that write it.

That is, by duplicating what has changed from the "developer log" (which may contain complex information about the original issue, how it was fixed, who authored the fix, and who reviewed the fix) into a "news fragment" (a small file containing just enough information to be useful to end users), towncrier can produce a digest of the changes which is valuable to those who may wish to use the software. These fragments are also commonly called "topfiles" or "newsfiles" in Twisted parlance.

towncrier works best in a development system where all merges involve closing a ticket.

Quick Start

Install from PyPI:

python3 -m pip install towncrier

Note

towncrier, as a command line tool, works on Python 3.7+ only. It is usable by projects written in other languages, provided you specify the project version either in the configuration file or on the command line. For Python-compatible projects, the version can be discovered automatically.

In your project root, add a towncrier.toml or a pyproject.toml file (if both files exist, the first will take precedence). You can configure your project in two ways. To configure it via an explicit directory, add:

[tool.towncrier]
directory = "changes"

Alternatively, to configure it relative to a (Python) package directory, add:

[tool.towncrier]
package = "mypackage"
package_dir = "src"
filename = "NEWS.rst"

Note

towncrier will also look in pyproject.toml for configuration if towncrier.toml is not found.

For the latter, news fragments (see "News Fragments" below) should be in a newsfragments directory under your package. Using the above example, your news fragments would be src/myproject/newsfragments/).

Tip

To prevent git from removing the newsfragments directory, make a .gitignore file in it with:

!.gitignore

This will keep the folder around, but otherwise "empty".

towncrier needs to know what version your project is, and there are three ways you can give it:

• For Python-compatible projects, a __version__ in the top level package. This can be either a string literal, a tuple, or an Incremental version.
• Manually passing --version=<myversionhere> when interacting with towncrier.
• Definining a version option in a configuration file:

[tool.towncrier]
# ...
version = "1.2.3"  # project version if maintained separately

To create a new news fragment, use the towncrier create command. For example:

towncrier create 123.feature

If a news fragment is not tied to an issue, use + as the basename (a random hash will be added to the filename to keep it unique):

towncrier create +.feature

To produce a draft of the news file, run:

towncrier build --draft

To produce the news file for real, run:

towncrier build

This command will remove the news files (with git rm) and append the built news to the filename specified by the filename configuration option, and then stage the news file changes (with git add). It leaves committing the changes up to the user.

If you wish to have content at the top of the news file (for example, to say where you can find the tickets), put your text above a rST comment that says:

.. towncrier release notes start

towncrier will then put the version notes after this comment, and leave your existing content that was above it where it is.

News Fragments

towncrier has a few standard types of news fragments, signified by the file extension. These are:

• .feature: Signifying a new feature.
• .bugfix: Signifying a bug fix.
• .doc: Signifying a documentation improvement.
• .removal: Signifying a deprecation or removal of public API.
• .misc: A ticket has been closed, but it is not of interest to users.

The start of the filename is the ticket number, and the content is what will end up in the news file. For example, if ticket #850 is about adding a new widget, the filename would be myproject/newsfragments/850.feature and the content would be myproject.widget has been added.

Further Options

Towncrier has the following global options, which can be specified in the toml file:

[tool.towncrier]
package = ""
package_dir = "."
single_file = true  # if false, filename is formatted like `title_format`.
filename = "NEWS.rst"
directory = "directory/of/news/fragments"
version = "1.2.3"  # project version if maintained separately
name = "arbitrary project name"
template = "path/to/template.rst"
start_string = "Text used to detect where to add the generated content in the middle of a file. Generated content added after this text. Newline auto added."
title_format = "{name} {version} ({project_date})"  # or false if template includes title
issue_format = "format string for {issue} (issue is the first part of fragment name)"
underlines = "=-~"
wrap = false  # Wrap text to 79 characters
all_bullets = true  # make all fragments bullet points
orphan_prefix = "+"   # Prefix for orphan news fragment files, set to "" to disable.

If single_file is set to true or unspecified, all changes will be written to a single fixed newsfile, whose name is literally fixed as the filename option. In each run of towncrier build, content of new changes will append at the top of old content, and after start_string if the start_string already appears in the newsfile. If the corresponding top_line, which is formatted as the option 'title_format', already exists in newsfile, ValueError will be raised to remind you "already produced newsfiles for this version".

If single_file is set to false instead, each versioned towncrier build will generate a separate newsfile, whose name is formatted as the pattern given by option filename. For example, if filename="{version}-notes.rst", then the release note with version "7.8.9" will be written to the file "7.8.9-notes.rst". If the newsfile already exists, its content will be overwriten with new release note, without throwing a ValueError warning.

If title_format is unspecified or an empty string, the default format will be used. If set to false, no title will be created. This can be useful if the specified template creates the title itself.

Furthermore, you can customize each of your own fragment types using:

[tool.towncrier]
    # To add custom fragment types, with default setting, just add an empty section.
[tool.towncrier.fragment.feat]
[tool.towncrier.fragment.fix]

    # Custom fragment types can have custom attributes
    # that are used when rendering the result based on the template.
[tool.towncrier.fragment.chore]
    name = "Other Tasks"
    showcontent = false

Automatic pull request checks

To check if a feature branch adds at least one news fragment, run:

towncrier check

By default this compares the current branch against origin/main. You can use --compare-with if the trunk is named differently:

towncrier check --compare-with origin/master

The check is automatically skipped when the main news file is modified inside the branch as this signals a release branch that is expected to not have news fragments.