ResourceLoader: Enhance deadlock prevention

Benefits:
- Simpler code. The main load function is renamed so it's apparent that it's not just a thread entry point anymore.
- Cache and thread modes of the original task are honored. A beautiful consequence of this is that, unlike formerly, re-issued loads can use the resource cache, which makes this mechanism much more performant.
- The newly added getter for caller task id in WorkerThreadPool allows to remove the custom tracking of that in ResourceLoader.
- The check to replace a cached resource and the replacement itself happen atomically. That fixes deadlock prevention leading to multiple resource instances of the same one on disk. As a side effect, it also makes the regular check for replace load mode more robust.

core/io/resource_loader.cpp

@@ -315,11 +315,11 @@ Ref<Resource> ResourceLoader::_load(const String &p_path, const String &p_origin
 	ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(Ref<Resource>(), vformat("No loader found for resource: %s (expected type: %s)", p_path, p_type_hint));
 }
 
-void ResourceLoader::_thread_load_function(void *p_userdata) {
+// This implementation must allow re-entrancy for a task that started awaiting in a deeper stack frame.
+void ResourceLoader::_run_load_task(void *p_userdata) {
 	ThreadLoadTask &load_task = *(ThreadLoadTask *)p_userdata;
 
 	thread_load_mutex.lock();
-	caller_task_id = load_task.task_id;
 	if (cleaning_tasks) {
 		load_task.status = THREAD_LOAD_FAILED;
 		thread_load_mutex.unlock();
@@ -376,15 +376,28 @@ void ResourceLoader::_thread_load_function(void *p_userdata) {
 		unlock_pending = false;
 
 		if (!ignoring) {
-			if (replacing) {
-				Ref<Resource> old_res = ResourceCache::get_ref(load_task.local_path);
-				if (old_res.is_valid() && old_res != load_task.resource) {
-					// If resource is already loaded, only replace its data, to avoid existing invalidating instances.
-					old_res->copy_from(load_task.resource);
+			ResourceCache::lock.lock(); // Check and operations must happen atomically.
+			bool pending_unlock = true;
+			Ref<Resource> old_res = ResourceCache::get_ref(load_task.local_path);
+			if (old_res.is_valid()) {
+				if (old_res != load_task.resource) {
+					// Resource can already exists at this point for two reasons:
+					// a) The load uses replace mode.
+					// b) There were more than one load in flight for the same path because of deadlock prevention.
+					// Either case, we want to keep the resource that was already there.
+					ResourceCache::lock.unlock();
+					pending_unlock = false;
+					if (replacing) {
+						old_res->copy_from(load_task.resource);
+					}
 					load_task.resource = old_res;
 				}
+			} else {
+				load_task.resource->set_path(load_task.local_path);
+			}
+			if (pending_unlock) {
+				ResourceCache::lock.unlock();
 			}
-			load_task.resource->set_path(load_task.local_path, replacing);
 		} else {
 			load_task.resource->set_path_cache(load_task.local_path);
 		}
@@ -552,14 +565,20 @@ Ref<ResourceLoader::LoadToken> ResourceLoader::_load_start(const String &p_path,
 		run_on_current_thread = must_not_register || p_thread_mode == LOAD_THREAD_FROM_CURRENT;
 
 		if (run_on_current_thread) {
-			load_task_ptr->thread_id = Thread::get_caller_id();
+			// The current thread may happen to be a thread from the pool.
+			WorkerThreadPool::TaskID tid = WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->get_caller_task_id();
+			if (tid != WorkerThreadPool::INVALID_TASK_ID) {
+				load_task_ptr->task_id = tid;
+			} else {
+				load_task_ptr->thread_id = Thread::get_caller_id();
+			}
 		} else {
-			load_task_ptr->task_id = WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->add_native_task(&ResourceLoader::_thread_load_function, load_task_ptr);
+			load_task_ptr->task_id = WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->add_native_task(&ResourceLoader::_run_load_task, load_task_ptr);
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (run_on_current_thread) {
-		_thread_load_function(load_task_ptr);
+		_run_load_task(load_task_ptr);
 		if (must_not_register) {
 			load_token->res_if_unregistered = load_task_ptr->resource;
 		}
@@ -702,7 +721,7 @@ Ref<Resource> ResourceLoader::_load_complete_inner(LoadToken &p_load_token, Erro
 		if (load_task.status == THREAD_LOAD_IN_PROGRESS) {
 			DEV_ASSERT((load_task.task_id == 0) != (load_task.thread_id == 0));
 
-			if ((load_task.task_id != 0 && load_task.task_id == caller_task_id) ||
+			if ((load_task.task_id != 0 && load_task.task_id == WorkerThreadPool::get_singleton()->get_caller_task_id()) ||
 					(load_task.thread_id != 0 && load_task.thread_id == Thread::get_caller_id())) {
 				// Load is in progress, but it's precisely this thread the one in charge.
 				// That means this is a cyclic load.
@@ -731,12 +750,10 @@ Ref<Resource> ResourceLoader::_load_complete_inner(LoadToken &p_load_token, Erro
 						// resource loading that means that the task to wait for can be restarted here to break the
 						// cycle, with as much recursion into this process as needed.
 						// When the stack is eventually unrolled, the original load will have been notified to go on.
-						// CACHE_MODE_IGNORE is needed because, otherwise, the new request would just see there's
-						// an ongoing load for that resource and wait for it again. This value forces a new load.
-						Ref<ResourceLoader::LoadToken> token = _load_start(load_task.local_path, load_task.type_hint, LOAD_THREAD_DISTRIBUTE, ResourceFormatLoader::CACHE_MODE_IGNORE);
-						Ref<Resource> resource = _load_complete(*token.ptr(), &wtp_task_err);
+						_run_load_task(&load_task);
+						Ref<Resource> resource = load_task.resource;
 						if (r_error) {
-							*r_error = wtp_task_err;
+							*r_error = load_task.error;
 						}
 						thread_load_mutex.lock();
 						return resource;
@@ -1324,7 +1341,6 @@ bool ResourceLoader::abort_on_missing_resource = true;
 bool ResourceLoader::timestamp_on_load = false;
 
 thread_local int ResourceLoader::load_nesting = 0;
-thread_local WorkerThreadPool::TaskID ResourceLoader::caller_task_id = 0;
 thread_local Vector<String> ResourceLoader::load_paths_stack;
 thread_local HashMap<int, HashMap<String, Ref<Resource>>> ResourceLoader::res_ref_overrides;
 

core/io/resource_loader.h

@@ -187,10 +187,9 @@ class ResourceLoader {
 		HashSet<String> sub_tasks;
 	};
 
-	static void _thread_load_function(void *p_userdata);
+	static void _run_load_task(void *p_userdata);
 
 	static thread_local int load_nesting;
-	static thread_local WorkerThreadPool::TaskID caller_task_id;
 	static thread_local HashMap<int, HashMap<String, Ref<Resource>>> res_ref_overrides; // Outermost key is nesting level.
 	static thread_local Vector<String> load_paths_stack;
 	static SafeBinaryMutex<BINARY_MUTEX_TAG> thread_load_mutex;

core/object/worker_thread_pool.cpp

@@ -665,6 +665,15 @@ int WorkerThreadPool::get_thread_index() {
 	return singleton->thread_ids.has(tid) ? singleton->thread_ids[tid] : -1;
 }
 
+WorkerThreadPool::TaskID WorkerThreadPool::get_caller_task_id() {
+	int th_index = get_thread_index();
+	if (th_index != -1 && singleton->threads[th_index].current_task) {
+		return singleton->threads[th_index].current_task->self;
+	} else {
+		return INVALID_TASK_ID;
+	}
+}
+
 #ifdef THREADS_ENABLED
 uint32_t WorkerThreadPool::thread_enter_unlock_allowance_zone(Mutex *p_mutex) {
 	return _thread_enter_unlock_allowance_zone(p_mutex, false);

core/object/worker_thread_pool.h

@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ class WorkerThreadPool : public Object {
 
 	static WorkerThreadPool *get_singleton() { return singleton; }
 	static int get_thread_index();
+	static TaskID get_caller_task_id();
 
 #ifdef THREADS_ENABLED
 	static uint32_t thread_enter_unlock_allowance_zone(Mutex *p_mutex);