[Do Not Merge] Namespace no more v3#1587
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Namespace packages are constant source of problems for users. The python packaging ecosystem around splitting packages across namespaces is fragile at the best of times and can often leave a you with an environment that isn't recoverable (especially when mixing install methods). There is also a performance hit whenever there is a piece of the namespace we allow external packages to extend since it requires doing a full python path search which can be slow depending on the backing I/O and the number of paths in sys.path for an environment. This commit addresses the piece from the aer perspective by moving qiskit.providers.aer to it's own package and namespace 'qiskit_aer'. This is coupled with a custom namespace module that implements a custom import loader at the root of the namespace. This has 2 advantages it removes the use of namespace packages so the fragility and performance impact are fixed since every element will be renamed to use 'qiskit_' instead of 'qiskit.' (aer being the only one remaining). This is the second attempt at doing this namespace rename, the first failed attempt in Qiskit#840 was trying to migrate all the former qiskit elements at the same time and was too difficult to migrate everything at once without causing breaking api changes. This commit is mechanically the same (renaming qiskit.providers.aer -> qiskit_aer), but how it integrates with qiskit-terra is changed. With Qiskit/qiskit#5089 qiskit-terra, the package which owns the 'qiskit.*' namespace, adds a metaimporter that will redirect imports from qiskit.providers.aer to qiskit_aer. This means before we can merge this commit Qiskit/qiskit#5089 will need to be released first to ensure that for backwards compatibility existing users will be able to access aer from the old namespace. Fixes Qiskit/qiskit#559
This reverts commit 4fa5bc9.
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Summary
This PR is just for debugging CI errors in #1526.
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