Reference doc null, createObject and coalesce

docs/reference/schemas/config/functions/coalesce.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+---
+description: Reference for the 'coalesce' DSC configuration document function
+ms.date:     07/24/2025
+ms.topic:    reference
+title:       coalesce
+---
+
+# coalesce
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Returns the first non-null value from a list of arguments.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```Syntax
+coalesce(<value1>, <value2>, ...)
+```
+
+## Description
+
+The `coalesce()` function evaluates arguments from left to right and returns the first argument that
+isn't null. This function is useful for providing fallback values when dealing with potentially
+null data.
+
+If all arguments are null, the function returns null.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Example 1 - Basic coalesce with strings
+
+The following example shows how to use the function with string values.
+
+```yaml
+# coalesce.example.1.dsc.config.yaml
+$schema: https://aka.ms/dsc/schemas/v3/bundled/config/document.json
+resources:
+- name: Coalesce strings
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  properties:
+    output: 
+      firstNonNull:     "[coalesce(null(), 'DSC', 'landscape')]"
+      allNull:          "[coalesce(null(), null(), null())]"
+      noneNull:     "[coalesce('first', 'second', 'third')]"
+```
+
+```bash
+dsc config get --file coalesce.example.1.dsc.config.yaml
+```
+
+```yaml
+results:
+- name: Coalesce strings
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  result:
+    actualState:
+      output:
+        firstNonNull: DSC
+        allNull: null
+        noneNull: first
+messages: []
+hadErrors: false
+```
+
+### Example 2 - Mixed data types
+
+The following example shows how the function works with different data types.
+
+```yaml
+# coalesce.example.2.dsc.config.yaml
+$schema: https://aka.ms/dsc/schemas/v3/bundled/config/document.json
+resources:
+- name: Coalesce mixed types
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  properties:
+    output:
+      numberFallback:   "[coalesce(null(), 42)]"
+      booleanFallback:  "[coalesce(null(), null(), true)]"
+      stringToNumber:   "[coalesce(null(), 123, 'fallback')]"
+```
+
+```bash
+dsc config get --file coalesce.example.2.dsc.config.yaml
+```
+
+```yaml
+results:
+- name: Coalesce mixed types
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  result:
+    actualState:
+      output:
+        numberFallback: 42
+        booleanFallback: true
+        stringToNumber: 123
+messages: []
+hadErrors: false
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+### value1, value2
+
+The `coalesce()` function accepts one or more arguments of any type.
+Arguments are evaluated from left to right, and the function returns the first non-null
+value encountered.
+
+```yaml
+Type:         [any]
+Required:     true
+MinimumCount: 1
+MaximumCount: unlimited
+```
+
+## Output
+
+The `coalesce()` function returns the first non-null argument, or null if all arguments are null.
+The return type matches the type of the first non-null argument.
+
+```yaml
+Type: [any]
+```
+
+## Related functions
+
+- [`null()`][00] - Returns a simple JSON null value.
+
+<!-- Link reference definitions -->
+[00]: ./null.md

docs/reference/schemas/config/functions/createArray.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ function returns an array of arrays.
 
 ### Example 1 - Create an array of integers
 
-example synopsis
+The following example shows how to create a simple array with integers.
 
 ```yaml
 # createArray.example.1.dsc.config.yaml

docs/reference/schemas/config/functions/createObject.md

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+---
+description: Reference for the 'createObject' DSC configuration document function
+ms.date:     07/28/2025
+ms.topic:    reference
+title:       createObject
+---
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Creates a JSON object from key-value pairs.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```Syntax
+createObject(<key1>, <value1>, <key2>, <value2>, ...)
+```
+
+## Description
+
+The `createObject()` function creates a JSON object from the provided key-value pairs.
+Arguments must be provided in pairs where the first argument of each pair is a string key,
+and the second argument is the value of any type.
+
+If no arguments are provided, the function returns an empty object. The number of arguments
+must be even, as they represent key-value pairs.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Example 1 - Basic object creation
+
+The following example shows how to create simple objects with string and numeric values.
+
+```yaml
+# createObject.example.1.dsc.config.yaml
+$schema: https://aka.ms/dsc/schemas/v3/bundled/config/document.json
+resources:
+- name: Basic object creation
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  properties:
+    output:
+      simpleObject:     "[createObject('name', 'test')]"
+      multipleProps:    "[createObject('key1', 'value1', 'key2', 42)]"
+      emptyObject:      "[createObject()]"
+```
+
+```bash
+dsc config get --file createObject.example.1.dsc.config.yaml
+```
+
+```yaml
+results:
+- name: Basic object creation
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  result:
+    actualState:
+      output:
+        simpleObject:
+          name: test
+        multipleProps:
+          key1: value1
+          key2: 42
+        emptyObject: {}
+messages: []
+hadErrors: false
+```
+
+### Example 2 - Mixed data types
+
+The following example shows how to create objects with different value types.
+
+```yaml
+# createObject.example.2.dsc.config.yaml
+$schema: https://aka.ms/dsc/schemas/v3/bundled/config/document.json
+resources:
+- name: Mixed data types
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  properties:
+    output: "[createObject('string', 'hello', 'number', 123, 'boolean', true, 'nullValue', null())]"
+```
+
+```bash
+dsc config get --file createObject.example.2.dsc.config.yaml
+```
+
+```yaml
+results:
+- name: Mixed data types
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  result:
+    actualState:
+      output:
+        string: hello
+        number: 123
+        boolean: true
+        nullValue: null
+messages: []
+hadErrors: false
+```
+
+### Example 3 - Nested objects and arrays
+
+The following example shows how to create objects containing other objects and arrays.
+
+```yaml
+# createObject.example.3.dsc.config.yaml
+$schema: https://aka.ms/dsc/schemas/v3/bundled/config/document.json
+resources:
+- name: Nested structures
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  properties:
+    output:
+      nestedObject:   "[createObject('config', createObject('timeout', 30, 'enabled', true))]"
+      objectWithArray: "[createObject('items', createArray('foo', 'bar', 'baz'))]"
+```
+
+```bash
+dsc config get --file createObject.example.3.dsc.config.yaml
+```
+
+```yaml
+results:
+- name: Nested structures
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  result:
+    actualState:
+      output:
+        nestedObject:
+          config:
+            timeout: 30
+            enabled: true
+        objectWithArray:
+          items:
+          - foo
+          - bar
+          - baz
+messages: []
+hadErrors: false
+```
+
+### Example 4 - Using with other functions
+
+The following example shows how to use `createObject()` with other DSC functions.
+
+```yaml
+# createObject.example.4.dsc.config.yaml
+$schema: https://aka.ms/dsc/schemas/v3/bundled/config/document.json
+parameters:
+  userName:
+    type: string
+    defaultValue: guest
+resources:
+- name: Function integration
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  properties:
+    output:
+      userConfig:     "[createObject('user', parameters('userName'), 'role', coalesce(null(), 'default'))]"
+      fallbackObject: "[createObject('result', coalesce(null(), createObject('status', 'success')))]"
+```
+
+```bash
+dsc config get --file createObject.example.4.dsc.config.yaml
+```
+
+```yaml
+results:
+- name: Function integration
+  type: Microsoft.DSC.Debug/Echo
+  result:
+    actualState:
+      output:
+        userConfig:
+          user: guest
+          role: default
+        fallbackObject:
+          result:
+            status: success
+messages: []
+hadErrors: false
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+### Key-value pairs
+
+The `createObject()` function accepts zero or more key-value pairs. Each key must be a string,
+and values can be of any type.
+
+```yaml
+Type:         key: [string], value: [any]
+Required:     false
+MinimumCount: 0
+MaximumCount: unlimited (must be even number)
+```
+
+#### key
+
+The object property name. Must be a string value.
+
+```yaml
+Type:     [string]
+Required: true (when providing values)
+```
+
+#### value
+
+The object property value. Can be any valid JSON type including strings, numbers, booleans, null, arrays, or other objects.
+
+```yaml
+Type:     [any]
+Required: true (when providing keys)
+```
+
+## Output
+
+The `createObject()` function returns a JSON object containing the specified key-value pairs.
+
+```yaml
+Type: [object]
+```
+
+## Error conditions
+
+The function will return an error in the following cases:
+
+- **Odd number of arguments**: Arguments must be provided in key-value pairs
+- **Non-string keys**: All keys must be string values
+- **Invalid argument types**: Arguments must be valid JSON types
+
+## Notes
+
+- Keys must be strings. If you specify numeric or other types, DSC raises an error.
+- Values can be any valid JSON type including null, arrays, and nested objects.
+- Duplicate keys will result in the last value overwriting previous values.
+- Empty object creation (`createObject()` with no arguments) is supported.
+- The function preserves the order of properties as specified.
+
+## Related functions
+
+- [`createArray()`][00] - Creates arrays that can be used as object values
+- [`coalesce()`][01] - Provides fallback values for object properties
+- [`null()`][02] - Creates explicit null values for object properties
+
+<!-- Link reference definitions -->
+[00]: ./createArray.md
+[01]: ./coalesce.md
+[02]: ./null.md