fix(telegram): classify and dedup post-reconnect probe failures (#63243)

[kshitijk4poor]

Summary

Salvage of #63247 (CI blocked for first-time contributor). Fixes #63243 — the post-reconnect probe () routed every failure into with no classification, bypassed the in-flight guard, and logged raw error text.

Changes

• : probe failures now classified with shared (fix(telegram): classify PTB heartbeat transport errors #62098 classifier). Connectivity errors enter the recovery ladder via (picks up in-flight guard + guard + bookkeeping). Auth/validation errors log once (redacted) and don't trigger reconnect churn.
• Both recovery entry points (wedged-updater and probe-failure) route through instead of ing the handler inline.
• Tests updated to the scheduled-task semantics (assert registration).

Attribution

Cherry-picked from @SilentKnight87's #63247 with authorship preserved.

Validation

51 passed (telegram network reconnect + pending update probe). ruff + py_compile clean.