fix(cli): persist close transcript without history alias

[kshitijk4poor]

Summary

• Salvages the original contribution from fix(cli): persist close transcript without history alias #63274 while retaining its commit and author attribution.
• Persists terminal-close transcripts exactly once across aliased live histories, resumed prefixes, and user input staged before worker startup.
• Serializes marker claim → SQLite append for normal turn persistence and every direct session flush path.
• Keeps voice/model/skills recovery text API-local, including multimodal turns; durable history retains the original clean user input.
• Preserves first-turn system-prompt initialization before a session row can be created.

Fixes #63766.

Validation

• 595 passed across affected CLI, agent, persistence, resume/branch, TUI-finalization, approval, and provider regression suites.
• ruff check, py_compile, and git diff --check passed.
• Real SQLite probes cover resumed-prefix close, close-before-worker staging, text/multimodal API-local notes, and concurrent direct/normal persistence.
• Mutation checks prove the new staged-input, direct-flush lock, clean-override, and stale-override guards are exercised.
• ty diagnostics were reduced versus the same current upstream baseline (716 vs. 719); no net-new type diagnostics.

Attribution

The original contribution remains in the series as:
dsad <sswdarius@gmail.com>.

The salvage follow-up commits are authored by kshitijk4poor.