Automated interpretability

Code and tools

This repository contains code and tools associated with the Language models can explain neurons in language models paper, specifically:

• Code for automatically generating, simulating, and scoring explanations of neuron behavior using the methodology described in the paper. See the neuron-explainer README for more information.

• A tool for viewing neuron activations and explanations, accessible here. See the neuron-viewer README for more information.

Public datasets

Together with this code, we're also releasing public datasets of GPT-2 XL neurons and explanations. Here's an overview of those datasets.

• Neuron activations: az://openaipublic/neuron-explainer/data/collated-activations/{layer_index}/{neuron_index}.json
  • Tokenized text sequences and their activations for the neuron. We provide multiple sets of tokens and activations: top-activating ones, random samples from several quantiles; and a completely random sample. We also provide some basic statistics for the activations.
  • Each file contains a JSON-formatted NeuronRecord dataclass.
• Neuron explanations: az://openaipublic/neuron-explainer/data/explanations/{layer_index}/{neuron_index}.jsonl
  • Scored model-generated explanations of the behavior of the neuron, including simulation results.
  • Each file contains a JSON-formatted NeuronSimulationResults dataclass.
• Related neurons: az://openaipublic/neuron-explainer/data/related-neurons/weight-based/{layer_index}/{neuron_index}.json
  • Lists of the upstream and downstream neurons with the most positive and negative connections (see below for definition).
  • Each file contains a JSON-formatted dataclass whose definition is not included in this repo.
• Tokens with high average activations: az://openaipublic/neuron-explainer/data/related-tokens/activation-based/{layer_index}/{neuron_index}.json
  • Lists of tokens with the highest average activations for individual neurons, and their average activations.
  • Each file contains a JSON-formatted TokenLookupTableSummaryOfNeuron dataclass.
• Tokens with large inbound and outbound weights: az://openaipublic/neuron-explainer/data/related-tokens/weight-based/{layer_index}/{neuron_index}.json
  • List of the most-positive and most-negative input and output tokens for individual neurons, as well as the associated weight (see below for definition).
  • Each file contains a JSON-formatted WeightBasedSummaryOfNeuron dataclass.

Definition of connection weights

Refer to GPT-2 model code for understanding of model weight conventions.

Neuron-neuron: For two neurons (l1, n1) and (l2, n2) with l1 < l2, the connection strength is defined as h{l1}.mlp.c_proj.w[:, n1, :] @ diag(h{l2}.ln_2.g) @ h{l2}.mlp.c_fc.w[:, :, n2].

Neuron-token: For token t and neuron (l, n), the input weight is computed as wte[t, :] @ diag(h{l}.ln_2.g) @ h{l}.mlp.c_fc.w[:, :, n] and the output weight is computed as h{l}.mlp.c_proj.w[:, n, :] @ diag(ln_f.g) @ wte[t, :].

Misc Lists of Interesting Neurons

Lists of neurons we thought were interesting according to different criteria, with some preliminary descriptions.

• Interesting Neurons (external)
• Neurons that score high on random, possibly monosemantic? (external)
• Clusters of neurons well explained by activation explanation but not by tokens
• Neurons sensitive to truncation