buildRustPackage: simplify the cargoDeps specification and remove dead code

[ShamrockLee]

These chore clean-ups aim to simplify the buildRustPackage code and create a cleaner ground for future overriding fixes and potential interface changes.

Things done

• Built on platform(s)
  • x86_64-linux
  • aarch64-linux
  • x86_64-darwin
  • aarch64-darwin
• For non-Linux: Is sandboxing enabled in nix.conf? (See Nix manual)
  • sandbox = relaxed
  • sandbox = true
• Tested, as applicable:
  • NixOS test(s) (look inside nixos/tests)
  • and/or package tests
  • or, for functions and "core" functionality, tests in lib/tests or pkgs/test
  • made sure NixOS tests are linked to the relevant packages
• Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD". Note: all changes have to be committed, also see nixpkgs-review usage
• Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in ./result/bin/)
• 25.05 Release Notes (or backporting 24.11 and 25.05 Release notes)
  • (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
  • (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
  • (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
• Fits CONTRIBUTING.md.

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[ShamrockLee]

nixpkgs-review result

Generated using nixpkgs-review.

Command: nixpkgs-review pr 384345

[zowoq]

Typo in the last commit, cardoDeps.

[ShamrockLee]

Typo in the last commit, cardoDeps.

@zowoq Addressed. Thank you for reviewing!

[nixpkgs-ci]

Backport failed for release-24.11, because it was unable to cherry-pick the commit(s).

Please cherry-pick the changes locally and resolve any conflicts.

git fetch origin release-24.11
git worktree add -d .worktree/backport-384345-to-release-24.11 origin/release-24.11
cd .worktree/backport-384345-to-release-24.11
git switch --create backport-384345-to-release-24.11
git cherry-pick -x ef987dba19b88e589718eb99c78a5e59e4e85967 d84d1eeb22a19def830ffa180fc2d004c3c69eb1 89c72ca6a20bde0b6acaebaa323eee7f1eb0ea14