buf: remove reliance of tests on git file transport

[sternenseemann]

A recent git security update disabled the file transport by default, see https://github.blog/2022-10-18-git-security-vulnerabilities-announced/#cve-2022-39253

We can pick an upstream patch which needed to be rebased unfortunately, so we can't fetch it directly from GitHub.

Description of changes

Things done

• Built on platform(s)
  • x86_64-linux
  • aarch64-linux
  • x86_64-darwin
  • aarch64-darwin
• For non-Linux: Is sandbox = true set in nix.conf? (See Nix manual)
• Tested, as applicable:
  • NixOS test(s) (look inside nixos/tests)
  • and/or package tests
  • or, for functions and "core" functionality, tests in lib/tests or pkgs/test
  • made sure NixOS tests are linked to the relevant packages
• Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD". Note: all changes have to be committed, also see nixpkgs-review usage
• Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in ./result/bin/)
• 22.11 Release Notes (or backporting 22.05 Release notes)
  • (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
  • (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
  • (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
  • (Release notes changes) Ran nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh to update generated release notes
• Fits CONTRIBUTING.md.

[06kellyjac]

If this is just a test failure due to a change in Git's behaviour can we just delete private/pkg/git/git_test.go in preCheck?
Then we dont need this patch file. We dont run golangci-lint anyway so dont need that part

[sternenseemann]

I think it's easier to patch which can be dropped with the next buf release easily as it's already upstream. I can filter the ci file out in the patch, but it's also not like it really matters…

[sternenseemann]

Dropped the ci config file from the patch.

[raphaelr]

Result of nixpkgs-review pr 199015 run on x86_64-linux 1

1 package built:

• buf

I don't have strong opnions about whether to patch the test or disable it