rustfmt

A tool for formatting Rust code according to style guidelines.

If you'd like to help out (and you should, it's a fun project!), see Contributing.md and our Code of Conduct.

You can use rustfmt in Travis CI builds. We provide a minimal Travis CI configuration (see here) and verify its status using another repository. The status of that repository's build is reported by the "travis example" badge above.

Quick start

You can run rustfmt with Rust 1.24 and above.

On the Stable toolchain

To install:

rustup component add rustfmt

To run on a cargo project in the current working directory:

cargo fmt

On the Nightly toolchain

For the latest and greatest rustfmt, nightly is required.

To install:

rustup component add rustfmt --toolchain nightly

To run on a cargo project in the current working directory:

cargo +nightly fmt

Limitations

Rustfmt tries to work on as much Rust code as possible. Sometimes, the code doesn't even need to compile! As we approach a 1.0 release we are also looking to limit areas of instability; in particular, post-1.0, the formatting of most code should not change as Rustfmt improves. However, there are some things that Rustfmt can't do or can't do well (and thus where formatting might change significantly, even post-1.0). We would like to reduce the list of limitations over time.

The following list enumerates areas where Rustfmt does not work or where the stability guarantees do not apply (we don't make a distinction between the two because in the future Rustfmt might work on code where it currently does not):

• a program where any part of the program does not parse (parsing is an early stage of compilation and in Rust includes macro expansion).
• Macro declarations and uses (current status: some macro declarations and uses are formatted).
• Comments, including any AST node with a comment 'inside' (Rustfmt does not currently attempt to format comments, it does format code with comments inside, but that formatting may change in the future).
• Rust code in code blocks in comments.
• Any fragment of a program (i.e., stability guarantees only apply to whole programs, even where fragments of a program can be formatted today).
• Code containing non-ascii unicode characters (we believe Rustfmt mostly works here, but do not have the test coverage or experience to be 100% sure).
• Bugs in Rustfmt (like any software, Rustfmt has bugs, we do not consider bug fixes to break our stability guarantees).

Installation

rustup component add rustfmt

Installing from source

To install from source (nightly required), first checkout to the tag or branch for the version of rustfmt you want.

The easiest way to install is via cargo make

cargo make install

Alternatively, you can run cargo install directly as long as you set the required environment variables and features.

export CFG_RELEASE=1.45.0-nightly
export CFG_RELEASE_CHANNEL=nightly
cargo install --path . --force --locked --features rustfmt,cargo-fmt

(Windows users can use set to specify the environment variable values)

This will install rustfmt in your ~/.cargo/bin. Make sure to add ~/.cargo/bin directory to your PATH variable.

Running

You can run Rustfmt by just typing rustfmt filename if you used cargo install. This runs rustfmt on the given file, if the file includes out of line modules, then we reformat those too. So to run on a whole module or crate, you just need to run on the root file (usually mod.rs or lib.rs). Rustfmt can also read data from stdin. Alternatively, you can use cargo fmt to format all binary and library targets of your crate.

You can run rustfmt --help for information about available arguments.

Running rustfmt without files provided will take in source code directly via stdin.

When running with --check, Rustfmt will exit with 0 if Rustfmt would not make any formatting changes to the input, and 1 if Rustfmt would make changes. In other modes, Rustfmt will exit with 1 if there was some error during formatting (for example a parsing or internal error) and 0 if formatting completed without error (whether or not changes were made).

Running Rustfmt from your editor

• Vim
• Emacs
• Sublime Text 3
• Atom
• Visual Studio Code using vscode-rust, vsc-rustfmt or rls_vscode through RLS.
• IntelliJ or CLion

Checking style on a CI server

To keep your code base consistently formatted, it can be helpful to fail the CI build when a pull request contains unformatted code. Using --check instructs rustfmt to exit with an error code if the input is not formatted correctly. It will also print any found differences. (Older versions of Rustfmt don't support --check, use --write-mode diff).

A minimal Travis setup could look like this (requires Rust 1.24.0 or greater):

language: rust
before_script:
- rustup component add rustfmt
script:
- cargo build
- cargo test
- cargo fmt -- --check

See this blog post for more info.

How to build and test

We recommend using cargo make when working with the rustfmt codebase.

You can alternatively use cargo directly, but you'll have to set the CFG_RELEASE and CFG_RELEASE_CHANNEL environment variables and also provide the corresponding features.

For example:

export CFG_RELEASE=1.45.0-nightly
export CFG_RELEASE_CHANNEL=nightly

(Windows users can use set to specify the environment variable values)

To build with cargo make:

cargo make build

Or alternatively with cargo directly:

cargo build --all-features
# or
CFG_RELEASE_CHANNEL=nightly CFG_RELEASE=1.45.0-nightly cargo build --all-features

To run tests with cargo make:

cargo make test

Or alternatively with cargo directly:

cargo test --all-features
# or 
CFG_RELEASE_CHANNEL=nightly CFG_RELEASE=1.45.0-nightly cargo test --all-features

To run rustfmt after this, use cargo run --bin rustfmt -- filename. See the notes above on running rustfmt.

Configuring Rustfmt

Rustfmt is designed to be very configurable. You can create a TOML file called rustfmt.toml or .rustfmt.toml, place it in the project or any other parent directory and it will apply the options in that file. See rustfmt --help=config for the options which are available, or if you prefer to see visual style previews, GitHub page.

By default, Rustfmt uses a style which conforms to the Rust style guide that has been formalized through the style RFC process.

Configuration options are either stable or unstable. Stable options can always be used on any channel. Unstable options are always available on nightly, but can only be used on stable and beta with an explicit opt-in (starting in Rustfmt v2.0).

Unstable options are not available on stable/beta with Rustfmt v1.x.

See the configuration documentation on the Rustfmt GitHub page for details (look for the unstable_features section).

Rust's Editions

Rustfmt is able to pick up the edition used by reading the Cargo.toml file if executed through the Cargo's formatting tool cargo fmt. Otherwise, the edition needs to be specified in rustfmt.toml, e.g., with edition = "2018".

Tips

• For things you do not want rustfmt to mangle, use #[rustfmt::skip]

• To prevent rustfmt from formatting a macro or an attribute, use #[rustfmt::skip::macros(target_macro_name)] or #[rustfmt::skip::attributes(target_attribute_name)]

  Example:

  #![rustfmt::skip::attributes(custom_attribute)]   
  
  #[custom_attribute(formatting , here , should , be , Skipped)]
  #[rustfmt::skip::macros(html)]
  fn main() {
      let macro_result1 = html! { <div>
  Hello</div>
      }.to_string();

• When you run rustfmt, place a file named rustfmt.toml or .rustfmt.toml in target file directory or its parents to override the default settings of rustfmt. You can generate a file containing the default configuration with rustfmt --print-config default rustfmt.toml and customize as needed.

• After successful compilation, a rustfmt executable can be found in the target directory.

• If you're having issues compiling Rustfmt (or compile errors when trying to install), make sure you have the most recent version of Rust installed.

• You can change the way rustfmt emits the changes with the --emit flag:

  Example:

  cargo fmt -- --emit files

  Options:

  Flag	Description	Nightly Only
  files	overwrites output to files	No
  stdout	writes output to stdout	No
  checkstyle	emits in a checkstyle format	Yes
  json	emits diffs in a json format	Yes

License

Rustfmt is distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the Apache License (Version 2.0).

See LICENSE-APACHE and LICENSE-MIT for details.