DSA backward SM90: fix three top-k and attention-sink boundary failures - #785
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Included review availability: Your plan provides up to 12 included reviews per hour; 10 remain after this review. 📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughThe SM90 sparse attention backward path handles infinite sink and LSE operands, empty top-k rows, padded top-k columns, and invalid sparse indices. Documentation and regression tests define and validate these cases. ChangesSparse backward edge cases
Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~60 minutes Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to The PR fixes empty top-k rows, padded columns, and saturated attention sinks without changing the public interface or deployment behavior. No actionable merge-blocking risk remains after normal checks and review. Sequence Diagram(s)sequenceDiagram
participant QueryMetadata
participant WG0
participant WG1
participant dQEpilogue
QueryMetadata->>WG0: provide top-k length and sparse indices
QueryMetadata->>WG1: provide top-k length
WG0->>dQEpilogue: zero dQ accumulators for empty rows
WG1->>dQEpilogue: zero dQ accumulators for empty rows
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Full details: Description checkExplanation The description includes all required sections, explains the three fixes, documents compatibility and performance impact, identifies related issue context, and provides detailed test commands and results. Unchecked label and milestone items are explained as maintainer-controlled tasks for an external contribution. ✨ Finishing Touches🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)
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Labels for this PR (I do not have permission to set them): Two things I would specifically like a maintainer opinion on:
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`@python/cudnn/deepseek_sparse_attention/sparse_attention_backward/dsa_bwd_sm90.py`:
- Around line 1539-1549: Guard the mTopkIdxs_cur access in the
non-have_topk_length branch using the computed index against the valid top-k
length before reading it. For final partial blocks, set p to zero when the index
is out of range; otherwise preserve the existing negative-index masking
behavior.
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The peeled tile still spans all tile_n columns even when it is the partial one, so the per-column topk_idxs load could index past the end of the query's top-k row whenever topk_idxs.shape[-1] is not a multiple of tile_n -- by 28 entries at max_topk=100, 58 at max_topk=70. Those lanes are already zeroed by the tail mask and this guard only ever zeroes, so the result was unaffected, but the read itself is out of bounds. Clamp the index; the clamped entry cannot change the outcome. Cover it by sizing the non-compact test's topk_idxs to a non-multiple of 64. Reported by CodeRabbit on NVIDIA#785. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Good catch — this is real, and fixed in 3a1d8da. The peeled tile spans all 64 columns even when it is the partial one, so with Worth recording that the results were unaffected: lanes at or past the tail are already zeroed by the tail mask immediately above, and this guard only ever zeroes, so whatever the stray entry held could not change Fixed by clamping the index rather than gating the load behind the tail test, which keeps the inner loop free of nested dynamic control flow: idx = n_block * self.tile_n + col
idx = idx if idx < self.max_topk else Int32(self.max_topk - 1)
if mTopkIdxs_cur[idx] < 0:
p = Float32(0.0)
The regression test now sizes the non-compact case's |
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python/cudnn/deepseek_sparse_attention/sparse_attention_backward/dsa_bwd_sm90.py (1)
1186-1197: 🩺 Stability & Availability | 🟠 Major | 🏗️ Heavy liftSynchronize both warpgroups after an empty tile.
When
topK <= 0, WG0 and WG1 skip their mainloops and write zero dQ output. The 128-thread epilogue barriers do not synchronize the warpgroups. WG0 can issue the next tile’s Q TMA load intosQwhile WG1’s TMA store still readssQ, which can corrupt dQ.Add a 256-thread named barrier after both dQ epilogues and before either warpgroup advances its scheduler.
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Outside diff comments:
In
`@python/cudnn/deepseek_sparse_attention/sparse_attention_backward/dsa_bwd_sm90.py`:
- Around line 1186-1197: For the topK <= 0 empty-tile path in the dQ epilogues,
add a 256-thread named-barrier synchronization after both WG0 and WG1 epilogues
complete, before either warpgroup advances its scheduler or begins the next
tile’s Q TMA activity. Ensure both warpgroups participate in the barrier so WG0
cannot overwrite sQ while WG1’s TMA store is still reading it.
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On the second finding — "Synchronize both warpgroups after an empty tile" — the reasoning is sound as a conditional, but the premise it rests on ("the next tile's Q TMA") does not hold for this kernel, and the shape it describes is not something this PR introduces. I would rather not add the barrier; happy to be overruled. There is no next tile.
The normal path has the identical shape. With One barrier would not actually make the kernel persistence-safe, which is my main reason for leaving it out — it would read as assurance that is not there. Two of the named barriers already carry state across tiles today: For what it is worth, the If a maintainer would still like the invariant pinned down, I would suggest a comment at the scheduler construction site stating that the epilogues rely on one tile per CTA, rather than a barrier — and if the intent is to actually allow a persistent scheduler later, that is a larger change than this PR (the two barrier ledgers above would need fixing as well). Glad to do either. |
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Inline comments:
In
`@python/cudnn/deepseek_sparse_attention/sparse_attention_backward/dsa_bwd_sm90.py`:
- Around line 343-344: Update the lse_row == Float32.inf fallback near the
lse_log2 == sink_log2 check so it does not overwrite p_sink when both values are
positive infinity; make the branches exclusive or guard the zero assignment with
sink_log2 != Float32.inf, preserving p_sink = Float32(0.5) for equal
positive-infinity inputs.
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I think these errors on sm90 are from this PR:
=========================== short test summary info ============================
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_sm90_saturating_attn_sink[pos-inf] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_qh32_uses_per_query_topk_without_padding - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_wrapper[False-512-512-512-16-acc_dtype0-dtype0] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_wrapper[False-512-512-512-64-acc_dtype0-dtype0] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_wrapper[False-512-576-512-16-acc_dtype0-dtype0] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_wrapper[False-512-576-512-32-acc_dtype0-dtype0] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_wrapper[True-512-512-512-16-acc_dtype0-dtype0] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_wrapper[True-512-512-512-64-acc_dtype0-dtype0] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_wrapper[True-512-576-512-16-acc_dtype0-dtype0] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_wrapper[True-512-576-512-32-acc_dtype0-dtype0] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_zero_topk_length[d512-mixed] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_zero_topk_length[d576-mixed] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_zero_topk_length[d576-h16-m128-boundaries] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_sm90_padded_topk_columns_contribute_zero[compact] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_sm90_padded_topk_columns_contribute_zero[non-compact] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
FAILED test/python/fe_api/dsa/test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward.py::test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_sm90_saturating_attn_sink[finite-but-rescale-overflows] - AttributeError: module 'cutlass.cute.math' has no attribute 'isfinite'
===== 16 failed, 113 passed, 4477 skipped, 57 warnings in 72.41s (0:01:12) =====
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@vedaanta thanks — those SM90 failures are from Replaced it with the same |
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@SuperGoodGame please feel free to merge after resolveing conflicts |
…ckward All three are reachable from documented inputs to sparse_attention_backward_wrapper on SM90. 1. Nonpositive topk_length corrupts memory or hangs. n_block_max is 0 and n_block is -1, but WG0 still runs its unconditional first n_block, so the KV gather indexes topk_idxs[-64 + row] out of bounds and dereferences the result as a KV row. WG1 runs zero mainloop iterations, leaving WG0 to wait alone on G4_half_ready and sdS_consumed, both 256-thread named barriers. Whichever lands first decides whether the symptom is cudaErrorIllegalAddress or a hang. WG1's acc_dQ_2/3 are also never zero-initialised in this case, so the epilogue TMA-stores stale registers into the caller's dq. Guard both warpgroups on the same CTA-uniform topK, so every cross-warpgroup barrier stays unarrived on both sides, and zero the four dQ accumulators so the existing TMA epilogue writes the zero tile. Reusing the epilogue keeps the addressing, row predication and d=576 tail handling identical to the normal path and needs no new kernel parameter. The guard covers WG0's whole prologue, not just the barriers: the Q/dO TMA lands in sQ, which WG1's epilogue also writes, and the sP_ready/sdS_ready handshake that normally orders the load ahead of both epilogues is gone once the mainloop is skipped. 2. Padded top-k columns are never masked. The gather zero-fills their KV row in SMEM, so their score is 0 rather than -inf and their probability is exp2(-LSE). A sufficiently negative LSE overflows to +inf and GEMM4 turns inf * 0 into NaN across the whole dQ tile. Mask them to probability zero in the softmax. The compact-tail test is emitted only for the peeled first n_block, and the negative-index test only when topk_length is absent, matching the non-compact contract documented at dsa_bwd_sm100.py:321. 3. A saturating attn_sink NaNs every gradient. Folding the sink into the LSE shifts a logaddexp by fmax(lse_log2, sink_log2); once that maximum is infinite the shift evaluates inf - inf. attn_sink need not be infinite -- the log2(e) rescale saturates for any finite |sink| > 3.4e38 / log2(e). Compute p_sink as an algebraically identical sigmoid, and shift the LSE-with-sink logaddexp by its maximum only while that maximum is finite. dq and dkv are bit-identical to develop on ordinary inputs; d_sink moves by at most 2.5e-6 relative from the sigmoid rewrite. No measurable cost on the compact path at topk=1024; +0.35% at topk=64, where the tail mask cannot amortise over n_blocks, and +0.87% on the non-compact path for the per-column topk_idxs read. Eleven test cases newly execute on SM90 -- four from widening NVIDIA#439's zero top-k test to SM90+ rather than duplicating it, seven new -- of which ten fail on develop. Related to NVIDIA#676. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The peeled tile still spans all tile_n columns even when it is the partial one, so the per-column topk_idxs load could index past the end of the query's top-k row whenever topk_idxs.shape[-1] is not a multiple of tile_n -- by 28 entries at max_topk=100, 58 at max_topk=70. Those lanes are already zeroed by the tail mask and this guard only ever zeroes, so the result was unaffected, but the read itself is out of bounds. Clamp the index; the clamped entry cannot change the outcome. Cover it by sizing the non-compact test's topk_idxs to a non-multiple of 64. Reported by CodeRabbit on NVIDIA#785. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Name the sink-inclusive LSE with explicit ±inf arms so CuTeDSL SSA is defined before the staged ifs. Document the compact/non-compact top-k contract. Drive the padded-column test past FP32 exp2 overflow and generate saturating-sink out/lse from the actual sink. Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
Drop is_first: the peeled n_block already passes dQ_accumulate=False, so the tail mask, KV_empty wait and GEMM4 zero_init share one flag. Fold sink into LSE with isfinite instead of explicit ±inf arms. Compute p_sink only when KV LSE is not +inf so the develop convention stays 0 rather than 0.5. Move n_block_max / tail rows inside the topK > 0 guard. Slim the new tests to one compact and one non-compact pad case, and to the two positive saturating sinks that actually NaN on develop. Compact padding leaves the ignored tail as ordinary KV indices. Zero masked reference weights so a +inf sink is not NaN from -inf - +inf. Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
Renaming it to valid_rows was noise; is_first is still folded into dQ_accumulate. Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
Black --line-length 160 collapses the sink logaddexp sum_exp2 onto one line. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CI's nvidia-cutlass-dsl (floor 4.5.0, unpinned) has no cute.math.isfinite. Use the same ±inf compares this kernel already uses on develop. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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@vedaanta Conflicts with latest All checks are green, and the full |
Before submitting
pre-commit runand committed any formatting changes.cat-*, one or moremod-*, and oneorig-*. (External contributors cannot set labels — requested in a comment below:cat-bug,mod-cutedsl,orig-external, matching DSA backward SM100: support zero-length top-k rows in the kernel #439.)Affected area
FE OSS kernels or CuTeDSL
Summary
Three independent failures in
python/cudnn/deepseek_sparse_attention/sparse_attention_backward/dsa_bwd_sm90.py, each reachable from documented inputs, plus regression coverage for all of them.1. A nonpositive
topk_lengthcorrupts memory or hangs.n_block_maxis 0 andn_blockis-1, but WG0 still runs its unconditional first n_block, so the KV gather indexestopk_idxs[-64 + row]out of bounds and dereferences the result as a KV row. WG1 meanwhile runs zero mainloop iterations, leaving WG0 to wait alone onG4_half_readyandsdS_consumed, both 256-thread named barriers. Whichever lands first decides whether the symptom iscudaErrorIllegalAddressor a hang. WG1'sacc_dQ_2/3are also never zero-initialised in this case (zero_init=first_iterruns only on the first mainloop iteration), so the epilogue TMA-stores stale registers into the caller'sdq.2. Padded top-k columns are never masked. The gather zero-fills their KV row in SMEM, so their score is exactly
0rather than-infand their probability comes out asexp2(-LSE). For a sufficiently negative LSE that overflows to+inf, and GEMM4 multiplies it by the zeroed KV row, soinf * 0 = NaNpropagates across the entire dQ tile. Both padding layouts are affected: a compacttopk_lengthwhose tail does not fill the 64-row tile, and the non-compact layout where-1marks padding.3. A saturating
attn_sinkNaNs every gradient. Folding the sink into the LSE uses a max-shifted logaddexp; oncefmax(lse_log2, sink_log2)is infinite the shift evaluatesinf - inf.attn_sinkdoes not have to be infinite — thelog2(e)rescale saturates for any finite|sink| > 3.4e38 / log2(e) ≈ 2.36e38. This hits both thed_sinkweight and the LSE handed to the main kernel, so all of dQ, dKV and d_sink become NaN.Why
1 — a symmetric guard rather than an early exit.
topk_lengthis CTA-uniform: both warpgroups readmTopkLength[batch_idx, seq_idx]for the same scheduler tile, so guarding both sides ontopK > 0leaves every cross-warpgroup barrier unarrived on both sides instead of one side waiting alone. The mainloop is structurally untouched, and the existing TMA epilogue is reused to write the zero tile, so no rawmdQhas to be plumbed into the kernel and the zero store inherits the same addressing, row predication and d=576 tail handling as the normal path. Zeroing the four dQ accumulators in the guarded branch also removes the stale-register store described above — that is the same defect's other half, not a separate change.A second-order hazard had to be handled. Guarding only the barriers leaves WG0's Q/dO TMA in flight, and it lands in
sQ, which WG1's epilogue writes. On the mainloop path thesP_ready/sdS_readyhandshake transitively orders that load ahead of both epilogues; with the mainloop skipped there is no such ordering, and the in-flight load overwrote the zeros WG1 had already stored tosQ[256:]—dq[256:576]came back holdingq, nondeterministically. The guard therefore covers WG0's whole prologue; an empty row needs no Q, dO, LSE or dP_sum.2 — mask in the softmax, where the padding is already known. A column's KV coordinate comes from a loop-invariant identity tensor built once per CTA, mirroring the existing pattern in
scatter_dkv_atomic. The compact-tail test is emitted only for the peeled first n_block (is_firstis a trace-time constant), so it costs nothing in the steady-state loop. The negative-index test sits underconst_expr(not self.have_topk_length)and is not emitted at all whentopk_lengthis supplied, matching the contract documented atdsa_bwd_sm100.py:321("None means non-compact (use full topk, -1 entries in topk_idxs)").3 — keep the value finite at the two sites that saturate.
p_sinkbecomes a sigmoid, algebraically identical toexp2(sink - logaddexp2(lse, sink))but finite when either term saturates. The LSE-with-sink logaddexp now shifts by its maximum only while that maximum is finite; an infinite maximum is already the answer.Related issues
Related to #676. This addresses the empty-row hang, the padded/invalid top-k NaN and the saturating-sink NaN. The remaining two items in that issue are analysed under "Not addressed" below and deliberately left unpatched.
API and compatibility impact
No public API, signature or kernel-parameter change.
dqanddkvare bit-identical todevelopon ordinary inputs, verified by dumping both builds on the same inputs and comparing.d_sinkmoves by at most 2.5e-6 relative on ordinary inputs — the sigmoid rewrite of an algebraically identical expression, well inside the 5e-2 tolerance the existing tests use.Performance (H200 / SM90, whole
sparse_attention_backward_wrapperwall clock, same-GPU interleaved A/B, best of 5 reps × 30 iterations, d=576 h=64):developtopk_length)The tail-mask cost amortises as
1/n_block_max, hence nothing measurable at topk=1024 and +0.35% at topk=64. The +0.87% is the per-columntopk_idxsread and applies only to the non-compact layout; that code is not emitted whentopk_lengthis supplied. Hoisting the read out of the row loop was implemented and measured no better (2.4058 ms vs 2.4037 ms), so the simpler form was kept. Happy to split the negative-index half into its own PR if that trade is not wanted here.Testing
Eleven test cases newly execute on SM90 — four from widening the existing zero-top-k test, seven new. Ten of the eleven fail on
develop; the eleventh (saturating_attn_sink[neg-inf]) passes there and is a companion guard for the negative side, whichfmaxnever sends through the NaN path.test_DSA_sparse_attention_backward_zero_topk_length— the SM100 test from DSA backward SM100: support zero-length top-k rows in the kernel #439, generalised rather than duplicated: renamed offsm100_, gate widened frommajor*10+minor < 100tomajor < 9(matchingapi.py's own "requires SM90+"), and oned576-mixedparameter added so empty and non-empty rows land in adjacent CTAs, which is what catches a warpgroup-asymmetric skip. Ondevelopall four parameters die withcudaErrorIllegalAddress...._sm90_padded_topk_columns_contribute_zero— 4 parameters over {d512-h64, d576-h32} × {compact, non-compact}, asserting finiteness and agreement with the reference. Self-validating: it assertslse.max() < -80, so it cannot silently stop exercising the overflow. Ondevelopall four fail onassert torch.isfinite(dq).all()...._sm90_saturating_attn_sink— 3 parameters {2.4e38, +inf, -inf}. For a positive saturating sink it also pins the limit: the sink takes the whole denominator, sodq == 0,dkv == 0andd_sink == -sum(dP_sum).Beyond the suite:
sQoverwrite described above was nondeterministic, so process-level repeats alone were not sufficient evidence.sink = +infthe kernel returnsdq == 0,dkv == 0andd_sink == -sum(dP_sum)to 1.2e-7.Not tested: SM100 / SM100-h16, no such GPU available here — see below.
Alternatives considered
mdQinto the kernel, since the parameters namedmdQ/mdQ_64are the TMA tensors. Reusing the epilogue avoids both. (For the record, SM90's tile loop is not persistent —SingleTileScheduler.advance_to_next_work()only clears_is_first_block— so an early exit would not have dropped tiles; the dQ store is the reason, not tile loss.)scaled_lse(dsa_bwd_sm100.py:713) does not help here. It is a representation choice that pairs withfma_packed_f32x2, and the negation happens two lines after the NaN is produced, so it fixes neither failure; on SM90a*b - calready maps to a single FFMA with a negated addend.topk_idxsentry inside[0, topK)whentopk_lengthis supplied. Perdsa_bwd_sm100.py:321that layout is compact and every entry in range is valid, so the check would sit on the hot path guarding against out-of-contract input. Glad to add it if the contract is meant to be looser.Not addressed (context for #676)
d_sinkprecision — not a formula bug; the precision is lost upstream, in the forward. Against an fp64 reference the kernel reproduces the fp64 result recomputed from the BF16-storedoutto 7.06e-9, and that BF16 quantisation ofoutis the whole of the 5.33e-5 gap against an fp64-exactout. So the kernel implements the standard FlashAttentiondelta = O · dOidentity exactly, and the reduction at:317is already FP32 — nothing in the backward can recover precision the forward discarded beforeoutwas handed over.There is real accuracy on the table, though. Feeding two different
deltavalues into an otherwise-fp64 backward (d=576, h=32, topk=128; max relative error vs fp64):deltasourceBF16_O · dO— what the kernel doessum_j P_j · dP_jaccumulated in FP32The second form needs every
P_j·dP_jbefore anydS_jcan be formed, so it costs an extra GEMM1+GEMM2 pass over the top-k (~40% of the mainloop MACs by K/N extent, plus a second KV gather); caching P/dP instead would be tens of GB. That is why no FlashAttention implementation does it, and it is not something to slip into a bug-fix PR. The cheap exact fix is forward-side: FlashMLA already holdsOin FP32 accumulators and could emitdelta(s_q × h floats) directly, after which the backward just reads it. Happy to open a separate issue for that if it is useful.Online-softmax / running-maximum rescale — the premise does not hold for this kernel, and the clamp suggested in the issue is unreachable after fix 2. This kernel has neither an online softmax nor a running maximum; the only
fmaxuses are the two sink logaddexp sites fixed here. Once padded columns are masked,S*scale - lse <= 0holds by construction for every live column (the sink only raises the denominator), so the overflow is no longer reachable for self-consistent inputs, and a clamp would cost anfminon the hottest instruction in the kernel.SM100 / SM100-h16 appear to share fixes 2 and 3. The logaddexp expression is byte-identical at
dsa_bwd_sm100.py:710-712anddsa_bwd_sm100_h16.py:678-680, and I see no column mask before theexp2atdsa_bwd_sm100.py:1908-1909. I have no SM100 GPU, so I left them alone rather than ship untested changes. Glad to port both if someone can run the tests.Summary by CodeRabbit
Bug Fixes
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