Ensure type-checker understands use of Submodules in bert_model

[nschank]

What does this PR do ?

In order to safely refactor Submodules classes, I want to make sure I can easily find everywhere those classes are being referenced. This updates bert_model to appropriately type-check the submodules its introspecting into, which ensures the type-checker (and things like Find References in VSCode) will understand the usage of these objects below.

Relevant design doc: Typed ModuleSpec.pdf

Contribution process

flowchart LR
    A[Pre-checks] --> B[PR Tests]
    subgraph Code Review/Approval
        C1[Expert Review] --> C2[Final Review]
    end
    B --> C1
    C2 --> D[Merge]

Loading

Pre-checks

• I want this PR in a versioned release and have added the appropriate Milestone (e.g., Core 0.8)
• I have added relevant unit tests
• I have added relevant functional tests
• I have added proper typing to my code Typing guidelines
• I have added relevant documentation
• I have run the autoformatter.sh on my PR

Code review

The following process is enforced via the CODEOWNERS file for changes into megatron/core. For changes outside of megatron/core, it is up to the PR author whether or not to tag the Final Reviewer team.

For MRs into `main` branch

Feel free to message or comment the @mcore-oncall to help accelerate your merge into main. The less complex your PR is, the faster it will be approved and merged!

(Step 1): Add PR label Expert Review

(Step 2): Collect the expert reviewers reviews

1. Attach the Expert Review label when your PR is ready for review.
2. GitHub auto-assigns expert reviewers based on your changes. They will get notified and pick up your PR soon.

⚠️ Only proceed to the next step once all reviewers have approved, merge-conflict are resolved and the CI is passing.
Final Review might get declined if these requirements are not fulfilled.

(Step 3): Final Review

1. Add Final Review label
2. GitHub auto-assigns final reviewers based on your changes. They will get notified and pick up your PR soon.

(Optional Step 4): Cherry-pick into release branch

If this PR also needs to be merged into core_r* release branches, after this PR has been merged, select Cherry-pick to open a new PR into the release branch.

For MRs into `dev` branch

The proposed review process for `dev` branch is under active discussion.

MRs are mergable after one approval by either eharper@nvidia.com or zijiey@nvidia.com.

Merging your PR

Any member of core-adlr and core-nemo will be able to merge your PR.

[copy-pr-bot]

This pull request requires additional validation before any workflows can run on NVIDIA's runners.

Pull request vetters can view their responsibilities here.

Contributors can view more details about this message here.

[nschank]

Split out from #2834

[yashaswikarnati]

/ok to test f7b5a85

[ko3n1g]

I had to update your branch to fix an issue with the CI.

[ko3n1g]

/ok to test 380e103

[yashaswikarnati]

/ok to test 48e914f