Various CUDA graph improvements on capture time, replay time, memory footprint

[jiemingz]

What does this PR do ?

• improves training capture time
• supports cudagraphing module functions (for partial moe cudagraphs)
• supports partially cudagraphing moe router and postprocess
• generalizes cudagraph input output buffer reuse
• supports cudagraph input and output buffer recycling and deallocation to reduce memory overhead for training
• misc improvements to reduce cudagraph replay overhead

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[mathemakitten]

Can we throw an error or at least a warning if HAVE_TE_GRAPHS = False now since none of the new weakref-based code works without HAVE_TE_GRAPHS? Some of the older containers silently error on from transformer_engine.pytorch.utils import make_weak_ref but proceed like usual and cudagraphs will not execute but the logs provide no obvious reason why.

[mathemakitten]

This looks fine to me % a pass for docstrings and some comments on clarity for the new CudagraphArtifacts class.

[mathemakitten]

This looks fine to me % a pass for docstrings and some comments on clarity for the new CudagraphArtifacts class.

[jiemingz]

/ok to test 2e47f7d

[jiemingz]

/ok to test 976f167

[ericharper]

/ok to test 5d0fc62

[jiemingz]

/ok to test c26636e