Drop support for Python 3.8, add support for Python 3.12

[aromanielloNTIA]

Python 3.8 is EOL. Python 3.13 support not added yet since some dependencies don't support it yet, and we don't have a specific need to support 3.13 yet.

• Runs pyupgrade hook to use improved Python 3.9 syntax for type hinting
• Update pre-commit hooks to latest versions. Also remove the default Python version for pre-commit hooks since this only causes annoyance for developers using different versions. CI workflows ensure compatibility across supported Python versions.
• Updates tox configuration to remove Python 3.8 configuration and add Python 3.12 configuration. Also updates GitHub action runner to ubuntu-22.04, which is now used in Docker base images for SCOS.
• Update documentation and package metadata to indicate these changes

Version number not modified since this can be included in the 11.0 release.

[jhazentia]

Looks good to me!