ci: Add cache for pre-commit environments

[romanc]

Description

Caching the pre-commit environments. I realized this wasn't done. It's not breaking the bank, but it saves like 10 seconds on the linting workflow. Once merged to develop, all branches merging into develop can re-use the cache that is on develop, which never changes unless we update one of the environments (which we rarely do).

We can save another 10 seconds by not pulling submodules. NDSL has submodules of gt4py and dace. Both are external code that we aren't linting. We thus don't need to pull those in the linting workflow.

How Has This Been Tested?

By running the linting workflow of this branch multiple times and observing the workflow's output. The cache is properly restored and pre-commit environments don't need to be re-initialized in the second run.

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas: N/A
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation: N/A
• My changes generate no new warnings
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules: N/A
• New check tests, if applicable, are included: N/A