python [requirements]: Added maximum version for jsonschema

[minosgalanakis]

Description

This PR is using PEP0440/ PYPA spec to lock the jsonschema version to versions between 3.2.0 and 4.17.X.

The problem is caused by version 4.18 of jsonschema which added an indirect extra dependency rpds_py without listing it in the changelog.

prds_py brings in a lot of rust dependencies since it is compiled from source, and pip install will fai in a system that does not have properly configured rustc and cargo.

The issue has been documented in multiple other projects:
python-poetry/poetry#8160
pydantic/pydantic#4790
canonical/prometheus-k8s-operator#493

PR checklist

Please tick as appropriate and edit the reasons (e.g.: "backport: not needed because this is a new feature")

• changelog Not required, does not modify the library, just build enviroment.
• backport Not required, the driver auto-generation does not exist in 2.28X
• tests Not required, only changes build enviroment.

[gilles-peskine-arm]

I don't think that's right: it forbids recent versions of jsonschema. If you have the latest version installed, you should be able to run our scripts,

The problem is a recurring one due to jsonschema's dependencies. It goes away once prebuilt wheels for the latest version become available, which generally takes a few days after each release.

We offer a script scripts/min_requirements.py which installs the minimum required version of each package. That's what we run on the CI.

[minosgalanakis]

Do we need recent versions though? There is no harm in locking the maximum version of a library that is a moving target, unti it reaches EOL or we need to utilise some of their newest features.