digits(n, base=-b) fails for n > typemax(n)÷2

[StefanKarpinski]

digits has the same issue that ndigits had before #29148:

julia> digits(typemax(UInt), base=-2)
ERROR: InexactError: check_top_bit(UInt64, 18446744073709551615)
Stacktrace:
 [1] throw_inexacterror(::Symbol, ::Any, ::UInt64) at ./boot.jl:567
 [2] check_top_bit at ./boot.jl:581 [inlined]
 [3] toInt64 at ./boot.jl:642 [inlined]
 [4] Type at ./boot.jl:717 [inlined]
 [5] Type at ./boot.jl:741 [inlined]
 [6] convert at ./number.jl:7 [inlined]
 [7] #digits!#309(::Int64, ::Function, ::Array{Int64,1}, ::UInt64) at ./intfuncs.jl:747
 [8] #digits! at ./none:0 [inlined]
 [9] #digits#308(::Int64, ::Int64, ::Function, ::Type{Int64}, ::UInt64) at ./intfuncs.jl:709
 [10] #digits at ./none:0 [inlined]
 [11] #digits#307 at ./intfuncs.jl:705 [inlined]
 [12] (::getfield(Base, Symbol("#kw##digits")))(::NamedTuple{(:base,),Tuple{Int64}}, ::typeof(digits), ::UInt64) at ./none:0
 [13] top-level scope at none:0

Can probably be fixed using the same trick.

[goggle]

This can probably be closed because of #29205.